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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RNA Pol II promoters |
can be very complex = a core promoter(~50 bp upstream of +1) plus a regulatory promoterregion further upstream plus enhancers. |
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spliceosome |
huge complex in thenucleus composed of manyribonucleoprotein particles calledsnRNPs |
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eukaryotic RNA processing |
1. Addition of 5’ cap = 7-methyl guanosine2. Formation of 3’ end by cleavage and poly-A addition3. Removal of introns and ligation of exons = mRNA splicing |
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5’ end cap function |
acts as a binding site for the ribosomeduring initiation of translation; stabilizes mRNAs. |
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3’ poly(A) tail function |
regulates stability of mRNAs afterthey enter the cytoplasm; affects transport of mRNAs out ofthe nucleus; facilitates ribosome binding to the 5’ cap. |
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introns |
have roles in gene and genome evolution;create the opportunity for alternative splicing |
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aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase |
attaches the correct amino acid to the3’ end of a specific tRNA (tRNA charging) |
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peptidyl transferase |
RNA enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation |
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histone deacetylase (HD) |
removes acetyl groups from histones - induces tight chromatin structure and prevents transcription |
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histone acetyl transferase (HAT) |
acetylates histones to open up nucleosome (chromatin) structure, allowing transcription to occur |
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Enhancer DNA sequences |
contain thebinding sites for activator transcription factors(= response element sequences) |
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Insulator DNA sequences |
limit the effects of enhancer regionsto a restricted region of the chromosome = just the gene theyare “meant” to affect. |
