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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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polymorphism
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any genetic trait with more than one allele in appreciable level
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Balanced polymorphism
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allele frequencies maintained at roughly same frequencies over time through natual selection
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transitional polymorphism
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allele frequency in process of change due to natural selection
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cline
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how allele frequency changes over geography
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antigen
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surface protein as defense system
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O
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most ancient blood type, most variation
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disease for A
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malaria, metabolic anemia, stomach ulcer
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disease for O
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duodenal, stomach ulcers
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disease for B
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diarrheal infections, e-coli
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Rh blood system
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associated with hemolytic disease of newborns (blue baby)
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polytypic species
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many sizes, shapes, races in one species
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race
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socially constructed classification of humans based upon a small number of arbitrarily selected biological traits
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skin coloration components
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melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
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IQ
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innate intelligence thats highly inheritable
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stress
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any deviation from homeostasis, increase in blood cortizone levels
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adaptation
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genetic trait resulting from natural selection
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homeostasis
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balance of physiological conditions in biological organisms
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homeothermy
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ability to maintain constant temperature
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acclimitization
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temporary responses to stress
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vasodilation
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increased blood flow to capillaries closer to surface-heat
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sweat
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more effective way of disappating heat
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Bergmans rule
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increased body surface to mass ratio-heat
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Allens rule
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increased appendage length-heat
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vasoconstriction
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bring blood from extremities to core-cold
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shivering
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uncontrollable rapid muscular contractions-cold
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Hunting Wave response
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vasoconstriction and vasodilation to prevent frost bite
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hypoxia
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general lack of oxygen for ppl above 10,000ft
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H5N1
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avian flu
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H1N1
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swine flu
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disease agents
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viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
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endemic disease
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present at same levels constantly (tuberculosis, Hep A)
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epidemic
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periodic outbursts followed by decrease in prevalence to no presence at all
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panedemic
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epidemic at worldwide level
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HIV
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Human Immunodeficiency virus
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AIDS
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Acquired Immune Deficiency (result from HIV infection)
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retrovirus
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in HIV, sugar coated to not be detected and destroys T helper cells through replication
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CCR5
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mutation in receptor cells to not develop symptoms of AIDS, bubonic plague
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CCR5 mutation
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bubonic plague/HIV-I
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Cystic fibrosis
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tuberculosis, cholera, salmonella typhi
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tay-sachs
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tuberculosis
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PKU
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fungal toxicity
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Sickel Cell, G6PD, thalassemia
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malaria
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infanticide
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intentional death of infant
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menarche
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onset of secondary sexual characteristics- related to absolute weight, adipose, activity levels
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7 year itch
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increase immune system in child, high divorce rates
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20 year ditch
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mid life crisis, end of mates fertility
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grandmother hypothesis
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extreme version of kin selection- survivability of child greater if grandma is close
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progeria
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look old from birth (senescence)
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primates
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generalized placental mammals with arboreal adaptations
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k selective
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kin selection
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r selective
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reproductive strategy to live fast, die young
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prehensile tail
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tail used like 5th limb
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sexual dimorphism
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male/female body size difference
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ishial collosities
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butt calises
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primitive
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characteristics present for ancient ancesters
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derived
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modified characteristic
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bipedality
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upright locomotion
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rhinarium
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wet nose
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procumbent incisors
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tooth for grooming
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insectivores
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most of calories from insects
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Prosimii
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lemurs, galagos, tarsiers- from tropical regions of Old World
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arboreal quadrapeds
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tree running
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Platyrrhini
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New World Monkey- howler, tamarins, squirrel monkey
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frugivores
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calories from fruits
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Catarrhini
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Old World Monkeys- macaques, baboons, mandrills
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bilophodont molar
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ridges of enamel connecting cusps- OWM
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folivores
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leaf eaters
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Hominoidea
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all apes and humans
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lesser apes
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siamangs, and gibbons
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brachiators
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use upper limbs to swing
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great apes
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orangutans, gorillas, chimps, bonobos
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Hominidae
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Humans and bipenal ancestors
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omnivores
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eat anything
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karyotyping
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looking at number and banding pattern of chromosomes
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DNA hybridization
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zip together 2 different DNA strands
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alloparentingq
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babysitting
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monogomy
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mate pair bonding
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serial monogomy
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mate pair, break up, move on to next
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true monogomy
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mate pair for life
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polygyny
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more than one partner at once
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estrus swellings
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female in heat
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concealed ovulation and continuous receptivity
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humans only
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