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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what were the conditions that made European cities ripe for the spread of cholera?
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crowded housing, high density of people
unsanitary living conditions water supply was easily contaminated |
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what are the main symptoms of cholera?
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watery diarrhea
sever dehydration leading to death |
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review the mechanism of action of the cholera toxin. what does it do to your cells?
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1) toxin made by bacteria
2) toxin activates cAMP production 3) cAMP activates CFTR 4) CI- pumped out 5) water follows |
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how is yersinia pests transmitted?
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its a vector borne disease
transmitted from person to person by blood sucking insects |
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what are the three diseases caused by yersinia pestis, tissue they infect, symptoms, and mortality rates?
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bubonic plague:
-affects lymph nodes -swelling of lymph nodes called bubos -50-60% mortality rate if untreated septicemic plague: -affects bloodstream -septicemic shock, diarrhea, abdominal pain, blood clotting, low blood pressure -50% mortality rate pneumonic plague: -affects lungs -bloody sputum, severe cough, difficulty breathng -if not treated within 18 hours, you're unlikely to live |
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what are virulence factors?
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-how disease causing organisms make you sick
-molecules produced and secreted by pathogens -enable pathogens to ; -adhesion to cells -immunoevasion -immunosupression -entry into and exit out of the cell -obtain nutrition from host |
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what are the virulence factors of vibrio cholera?
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must have 3 genes:
2 for cholera toxin 1 for pilus formation |
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review the mechanisms of action of the yersinia pestis virulence factors
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virulence plasmid
-35 genes enable bacteria to grow in host and defeat the immune system -29 genes code for injectosome -6 genes code for Yops proteins injected into host cells |
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since virulence factors are a functional category, do we expect all virulence factors to be the same? why or why not?
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no because theirs different pathogens for each disease
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review the smallpox virus lifecycle. what happens at each step?
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1st week = rash, lesions in mouth and throat, respiratory transfer
then you get postules, and fluid contains large amounts of th virus then the scabs fall off |
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describe the difference between vaccination and inoculation
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vaccination is scratching the cowpox virus into the skin
inoculation is scratching the smallpox virus into skin |
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who was edward jenner and what did he do? what was his reasoning for using cowpox?
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the first person to make a vaccine
its a weaker type of smallpox |
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what are the mortality rates for smallpox?
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30% if "ordinary"
90% if hemorrhagic |
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review the factors that can influence the transmission rate (R-0) of an infectious disease
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population density
the number of contacts the infected person has how long the person is infectious who is immune to the disease |
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what factors contributed to the eradication of smallpox?
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effective vaccine with a campaign
surveillance and containment strategy animals cant get it |
