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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pulse pressure
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systolic - diastolic pressure
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mean arterial pressure
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diastolic + (0.33 / pulse pressure)
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korotokoff sounds
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due to blood turbulence as blood flow start and stop through the opening and closing artery
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systolic pressure
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BP when ventricles are contracted
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diastolic pressure
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BP when ventricles are relaxed
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blood pressure units, equipment and artery used
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unit = mmHg ; equipment = sphygmomanometer and stethoscope ; use brachial artery
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normal preprandial plasma glucose levels in diabetic patients
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70-130mg/dl
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normal postrandial plasma glucose levels in diabetic patients
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<180mg/dl
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normal hematocrit (% of blood occupied by RBCs) units, equipment
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female- 38-40%, male 40-54%; spun capillary heparinized tubes
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hemoglobin normal range, units and equipment
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females-12-15g/100mL, male- 14-16.5g/100mL, average- 15.6g/mL ; g/100mL; talquist paper
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normal value for coagulation time
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2-8 minutes
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total RBC normal range
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adult male- 4.5-6.5 million cells per cubic millimeter (ul) , adult female- 3.9-5.6 million cells per cubic millimeter (ul)
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normal value for WBC
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5,000-10,000 WBC count per cubic millimeter (ul) of blood
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equipment used for RBC/WBC count
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hemocytometer and wrights stain
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erythrocytes (RBC) normal value and function
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5,000,000 cells per cubic millimeter of blood; contains hemoglobin, transports most oxygen and some carbon dioxide in blood
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leukocytes (WBC) normal value and function
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5,000-10,000 per cubic millimeter of blood ; combat pathogens and other foreign substances that enter the body
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lymphocytes normal value and function
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20-25 % ; mediate immune responses including antigen-antibody reactions
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monocytes normal value and function
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3-8% ; phagocytosis ( after transferring into fixed or wandering macrophages)
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neutrophils normal value and function
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60-70% ; phagocytosis
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eosinophils normal value and function
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2-4%; phagocytize, destroy parasite worms, combat effects of histamine in allergic reactions
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basophils normal value and function
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0.5-1%; liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin in allergic reactions that intensify overall inflammatory response
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platelets (thrombocytes) normal value and function
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250,000- 400,000 per cubic millimeter of blood; form platelet plug, release chemicals that promote vascular spasm and blood clotting
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which lead is the greatest?
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lead II (lead II= lead I +lead II
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lead I electrodes are located at
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right arm (-) to left arm (+)
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location of lead II electrodes
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right arm (-) to left leg (+)
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location of lead III electrodes
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left arm (-) to left leg (+)
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location of electrode for AVL lead
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left arm (+)
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location of electrode for AVR lead
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right arm (+)
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location of electrodes of AVF
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left leg (+)
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which lead should be upside down?
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AVR because the flow of electrical activity of the heart is flowing the opposite direction of AVR
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p wave represents
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atrial depolarization (which spreads from the SA node through contractile fibers in both atria)
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QRS wave
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represents rapid ventricular depolarization as the action potential spreads through ventricular contractile fibers
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T wave
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represents ventricular repolarization and occurs just as the ventricles are starting to relax
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P-Q interval
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the conduction time from the beginning of artial excitiment to the begining of ventricular excitation (time for action potential to travel through atrial, atrioventricular node, and remaining fibers of the conduction system)
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S-T segment
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represents the time when the ventricular contractile fibers are depolarized during the plateau phase of the action potential
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Q-T interval
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time from the beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization
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how to estimate heart rate by rapid method
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300,150, 100, 75, 60, 50
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height of wave in millivolts (mV)
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# of boxes X 0.1mV= amplitude of wave in mV
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duration of wave in seconds
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# of boxes X 0.04 sec= duration in seconds
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which leads do you need for axis deviation?
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lead I and lead AVF determines the electricala axis of the heart
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what are the 3 main veins?
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median cubital vein , sephalic vein and basalic vein
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