Bio201 Exam1

Front 1

metabolism

Back 1

the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body, including catabolism and anabolism

Front 2

responsiveness

Back 2

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the external or internal environment.

Front 3

Movement

Back 3

includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, or even organelles inside cells.

Front 4

growth

Back 4

refers to an increase in the size and complexity, due to an increase in the number of cells, size of cells, or both.

Front 5

differentiation

Back 5

is the change in a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state.

Front 6

reproduction

Back 6

refers either to the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual.

Front 7

element

Back 7

substances that cannot be split into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

Front 8

matter

Back 8

anything that occupies space and has mass.

Front 9

subatomic particles

Back 9

protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), electrons (negative)

Front 10

ionic bond

Back 10

attraction between two opposite ly charged ions.

Front 11

covalent bond

Back 11

when atoms share electrons.

Front 12

hydrogen bond

Back 12

a week bond between two molecules, only about 5% as strong as covalent bonds. Large 3D molecules are often held together by many hydrogen bonds.

Front 13

synthesis

Back 13

A+B -> AB

Front 14

decomposition

Back 14

AB -> A+B

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exchange reaction

Back 15

AB + CD -> AC +BD

Front 16

reversible reaction

Back 16

A+B <- AB

Front 17

organic

Back 17

compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen, usually contain oxygen, and always have covalent bonds.

Front 18

inorganic

Back 18

compounds usually lack carbon and are simple molecules.

Front 19

catalyst

Back 19

speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Front 20

hydrolysis

Back 20

breaks large molecules down into simpler ones by adding a molecule of water.

Front 21

dehydration sythesis

Back 21

occurs when two simple molecules join together, eliminating a molecule of water in the process.

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solvent

Back 22

dissolves the solute.

Front 23

hydrophilic

Back 23

substances that dissolve in water

Front 24

hydrophobic

Back 24

substances that do not dissolve in water.

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acids

Back 25

electrolytes that release H ions

Front 26

bases

Back 26

electrolytes that release ions that combine with H ions.

Front 27

atomic number

Back 27

number of protons in the nucleus.

Front 28

atomic mass

Back 28

sum of protons and neutrons.

Front 29

molecule

Back 29

a group of atoms bonded together. (atoms share electrons)

Front 30

compound

Back 30

a substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite proportions joined by chemical bonds into a molecule.

Front 31

exerhonic

Back 31

reaction where energy is released, usually as heat. catabolism

Front 32

enderhonic

Back 32

reaction where it requires that energy be added, usually from a molecule called ATP. anabolism.

Front 33

4 organic body molecules

Back 33

carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, nucleic acids

Front 34

carbohydrates

Back 34

provides most of the energy needed for life and include sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose.

Front 35

lipids

Back 35

Are hydrophobic, help with energy storage, contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. fats.

Front 36

protiens

Back 36

give structure to the body, regulate processes, provide protextion, help muscles to contract, transport substances, and serve as enzymes. 12-18% of body weight.

Front 37

nucleic acids

Back 37

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Front 38

DNA

Back 38

forms genetic code inside each cell

Front 39

RNA

Back 39

guides assembly of amino acids I not protiens by the ribosomes.

Front 40

oxidation

Back 40

loss of elections from a molecule (decreases it's potential energy)

Front 41

reduction

Back 41

the gain of electrons by the molecule.