Bio200-Survey Of The Animal Kingdom

Front 1

Phylum Porifera

Back 1

sponges

Front 2

Branch

Back 2

Radiata vs. Bilateria

Front 3

Subkingdom

Back 3

Parazoa vs. Eumetazoa

Front 4

Grade

Back 4

Coelomata vs. Pseudocoelomata vs. Acoelomata

Front 5

Subgrade

Back 5

Schizocoela vs. Enterocoela

Front 6

spicules

Back 6

microscopic needles...protein network of spongin fibers

Front 7

Phylum cnidaria

Back 7

jellyfish, sea anemones, corals

Front 8

nematocysts

Back 8

stinging cells with capsules inside...on tentacles

Front 9

gastrovascular cavity

Back 9

incomplete digestive tract...single opening serves as both mouth and anus

Front 10

Phylum platyhelminthes

Back 10

flatworms, flukes, tapeworms

Front 11

flame cells

Back 11

excretory system of phylum platyhelminthes

Front 12

proglottid

Back 12

each segement of a worms body (phylum platyhelminthes)

Front 13

Phylum Nematoda

Back 13

round worms

Front 14

bilateral symmetry

Back 14

two similar halves...right and left side

Front 15

radial symmetry

Back 15

any number of slices may be made that break organism into two similar sides

Front 16

spherical symmetry

Back 16

a cut through ANY axis of the organism produces similar halves

Front 17

asymmetrical symmetry

Back 17

a cut through an organism never produces two identical halves

Front 18

cephalization

Back 18

the development of a distinct head

Front 19

diploblastic

Back 19

two fundamental body layers

Front 20

ectoderm

Back 20

outer layer of cells...forms "skin"

Front 21

endoderm

Back 21

inner layer of cells...forms a digestive tract

Front 22

triploblastic

Back 22

three fundamental body layers

Front 23

mesoderm

Back 23

middle layer of cells...forms the muscles

Front 24

spiral egg cleavage

Back 24

cells in different layers are offset from one another

Front 25

radial cleavage

Back 25

cells line up side by side and one on top of another

Front 26

egg cleavage

Back 26

the division of the fertalized egg (zygote)

Front 27

protosome

Back 27

when blastopore becomes the mouth

Front 28

blastopore

Back 28

indentation in the side of the ball of cells (blastula)

Front 29

deuterostome

Back 29

when blastopore becomes the anus

Front 30

acoelomate

Back 30

if the mesoderm packs the internal area so that there is no body cavity

Front 31

pseudocoelomate

Back 31

if a body cavity exists but it is not lined by tissues from the mesoderm

Front 32

coelomate

Back 32

if a body cavity exists and it is lined by tissues from the mesoderm

Front 33

shizocoelomate

Back 33

if the mesoderm splits and surrounds the inside of the body cavity

Front 34

enterocoelomate

Back 34

if the mesoderm pouches off and surround the body cavity

Front 35

determinate egg cleavage

Back 35

at the four cell stage, cell fate is determined such that any one cell would develop into 1/4 of organism

Front 36

indeterminate egg cleavage

Back 36

at the four cell stage, cell fate is not yet determined such that any one cell would develop into the entire organism

Front 37

true segmentation

Back 37

(a.k.a. metamerism)...animal's body is divided into obvious repeating units; must include segmentation of deep tissues

Front 38

hydrostatic skeleton

Back 38

body fluids act as support...e.g. worms

Front 39

exoskeletons

Back 39

tough support systems on the outside of the organisms...e.g.shells of crabs, snails, and clams

Front 40

endoskeletons

Back 40

internal support systems...e.g. muscles, glands, & organs of humans

Front 41

incomplete digestive tract

Back 41

only one opening; food and waste move throught the same opening

Front 42

complete digestive tract

Back 42

two openings for mouth and anus; food and waste move in one direction

Front 43

closed circulatory system

Back 43

blood is confined to vessels; blodd stays in blood vessels throughout the entire circuit of the body

Front 44

open circulatory system

Back 44

blood does not circulate within vessels and allows blood flow between organs into large open spaces called sinuses