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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anion |
A negatively charged ion |
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Atom |
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element |
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Atomic mass |
The total mass of an atom, numerically equivalent to the mass in grams of 1 mole of the atom |
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Atomic nucleus |
An atoms dense central core, containing protons and neutrons |
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Atomic Number |
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom unique for each element and designed by a subscript |
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Cation |
A positively charged ion |
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Chemical bond |
An attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells |
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Chemical equilibrium |
In a chemical reaction the state in which the rate of the reverse reaction so that the relative concentration of the reactants and products do not change with time |
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Chemical reaction |
The making and breaking of chemical bonds leading to changes in the composition matter |
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Compound |
A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio |
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Covalent bond |
A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
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Dalton |
A measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles; the same as the atomic mass unit or amu |
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Double bond |
A double covalent bond; sharing of two pairs of valence electrons by two atoms |
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Electron |
A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom |
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Electron shell |
An energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom |
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Electronegativity |
The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond |
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Element |
Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions |
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Energy |
The capacity to cause change especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force) |
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Essential element |
A chemical element required for an organism to survive,grow, and reproduce |
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Hydrogen bond |
A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule |
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Ion |
An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons thus acquiring a charge |
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Ionic bond |
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
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Ionic compound |
A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond also called salt |
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Isotope |
One of several atomic forms of an element each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, this differing in atomic mass |
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Mass number |
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus |
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Matter |
Anything that takes up space and has mass |
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Molecule |
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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Neutron |
A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral) with a mass of about 1.7 x 10^-24g, found in the nucleus of an atom |
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Nonpolar covalent bond |
A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity |
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Orbital |
The three dimensional space where and electron is found 90% of the time |
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Polar covalent bond |
A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive |
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Potential energy |
The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement |
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Product |
A material resulting from a chemical reaction |
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Proton |
A subatomic particle with a single electrical charge with a mass of about 1.7 x 10^-24 g found in the nucleus of an atom |
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Radioactive isotope |
An isotope that is unstable the nucleus decays spontaneously giving detectable particles and energy |
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Reactant |
A starting Material in a chemical reaction |
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Salt |
A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond also called an ionic compound |
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Single bond |
A single covalent bond the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms |
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Trace element |
an element indispensable for life but requires in extremely minute amounts |
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Valance |
The bonding capacity of a given atom usually equals the number of unpaired electrons required to complete the atoms outermost shell |
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Valence electron |
An electron in the outermost electron shell |
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Valance shell |
The outermost energy shell of an atom containing the valance electrons involved in the chemical reactions of the atom |
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Van der waals interactions |
Weak attractions between molecules that result from transient local partial changes |
