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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Which two people would have the most different ychromosome? |
a. A father and his biological son b. A boy and his biological father’s father c. A boy and his father’s paternal grandfather d. A father and his daughter’s biological son |
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1. Up to 40% of humanheight can be attributed to environment (nutrition) rather than geneticfactors; thus, we call height inheritance |
a. Polygenic b. Codominant c. Recessive d. MultifactorialDominant |
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1. A sensitive S. aureus bacterium acquires a new gene thatallows that bacterium to resist the effects of the beta-lactam antibiotic(making the bacteria antibiotic resistant). What might the protein encoded bythat acquire gene do? |
a. Synthesize beta-lactam antibiotics b. Digestbeta-lactam antibiotics c. Produce a toxin d. Enhance colonization of the skin e. Enhance entry into the blood stream |
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1. What is responsible for genetic variation in bacteria? |
a. Mutations in the genome during binary fission b. Gene transfer from a different bacterial strain c. Protein influx from the environment d. A and b e. A, b, c |
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Which of the following are types of non adaptive evolution? |
a. Natural selection b. Bottle neck effect c. Founder effect d. A and b e. b ,c |
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· In an otherwise normal cell, what happens if one mistake ismade during DNA replication? |
o A. Nothing; mistakes just happen.o B. A cell cycle checkpointdetects the error and pauses the cell cycle so the error can be corrected.o C. The cell will begin to divide out of control, forming amalignant tumor.o D. A checkpoint will force the cell to perform apoptosis, aform of cellular suicide.o E. The mutation will be inherited by the individual’soffspring. |
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o A mutation can cause a change ________. |
o A. in the amino acid sequence of a protein o B. in the shape of a protein o C. in the way the cell cycle is regulated o D. that is beneficial to the cell o E. all of the above |
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o If an individual has a germline mutation, which of thefollowing are possible sources of that mutation? |
o A. excessive sun exposureo B. a maternal alleleo C. a paternal alleleo D. b and c are possibleo E. a, b, and c are all possible |
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Whatis the role of BRCA1 in normal cells? |
o A. BRCA1 acts as a proto-oncogene.o B. BRCA1 acts as an oncogene.o C. BRCA1 acts as a tumorsuppressor.o D. BRCA1 acts as a mutagen.o E. BRCA1 acts as a carcinogen. |
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o A chemical that causes alterations in DNA is a ________, andif this chemical causes cancer it is called a ________. |
o A. mutagen; carcinogeno B. carcinogen; mutageno C. tumor suppressor; oncogeneo D. tumor suppressor; proto-oncogeneo E. tumor suppressor; mutagen |
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Whichof the following statements accurately describes cancer development? |
o A. It is a one-step process by which a mutation drivescancer development.o B. It is inherited and is independent of environmentalfactors.o C. It is a caused by carcinogens that act on inheritedalleles that cause cancer.o D. It is a multistepprocess by which multiple mutations cause a series of events that lead tocancer.o E. It is a multistep process by which multiple mutagenscause a series of cancer-causing alleles. |
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o We would all have many more mutations in our genes if notfor the ________. |
o A. activity of proofreadingenzymeso B. death of all mutant cells, removing them from our bodieso C. fact that everybody carries a “good” allele to counterevery “bad” alleleo D. fact that dividing cells remove all their mutations whenthey replicate their DNAo E. fact that mutations tend to cancel each other out,leaving mostly functional genes |
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Whichis the correct order of events in which breast cancer might develop |
o A. inheritance of a mutant BRCA gene > mutation of p53> additional mutations permit spreading > replication errors create anoncogeneo B. mutation of p53 > inheritance of a mutant BRCA gene> additional mutations permit spreading > replication errors create anoncogeneo C. replication errors create an oncogene > mutation ofp53 > inheritance of a mutant BRCA gene > additional mutations permitspreadingo D. inheritance of a mutantBRCA gene > replication errors create an oncogene > mutation of p53 >additional mutations permit spreadingo E. inheritance of a mutant BRCA gene > additionalmutations permit spreading > replication errors create an oncogene >mutation of p53 |
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o A woman with a BRCA1 mutation ________. |
o A. will definitely develop breast cancero B. is at increased risk ofdeveloping breast cancero C. must have inherited it from her mother because of thelink to breast cancero D. will also have a mutation in BRCA2.o E. b and c |
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o *Which of the following family histories most stronglysuggests a risk of inherited breast cancer due to BRCA1 mutations? |
o A. many female relatives who were diagnosed with breastcancer in their 70so B. many relatives with skin cancero C. many relatives diagnosed with skin cancer at an early ageo D. many female relativesdiagnosed with breast cancer at an early ageo E. many female relativeswith both early breast cancer and ovarian cancer |
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Whydoes wearing sunscreen reduce cancer risk? |
o A. Sunscreen can repair damaged DNA.o B. Sunscreen can activate checkpoints in skin cells.o C. Sunscreen can reduce thechance of mutations caused by exposure to UV radiation present in sunlight.o D. It doesn’t; sunscreen causes mutation and actuallyincreases cancer risk.o E. Sunscreen can prevent cells with mutations from beingdestroyed. |
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o Which of the following can cause cancer to develop andprogress? |
o A. a proto-oncogeneo B. an oncogeneo C. a tumor suppressor geneo D. a mutated tumor suppressor geneo E. b and d F. b and |
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o A diploid cell of baker’s yeast has 32 chromosomes. How manychromosomes are in each of its haploid spores? |
o A. 32o B. 16o C. 8o D. 64o E. 1 |
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In diploid organisms, having two homologues of each chromosome can be beneficial if one allele of a gene encodes a nonfunctional protein. Can haploid organisms survive the presence of nonfunctional alleles |
o A. No, because there isonly one allele for the gene in each cell, and the nonfunctional allele has noother allele to mask it.o B. No, because there are two chromosomes each with a singleallele that is always the same, and one cannot compensate for one beingnonfunctional.o C. Yes, because there is only one allele for the gene ineach cell, and the nonfunctional allele will be masked by another allele of adifferent kind.o D. Yes, because there are two chromosomes each with a singleallele that is always the same, and one can compensate for the other beingnonfunctional. E. Yes, because thereare always other alleles for other genes that will compensate for anonfunctional allele. |
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o A woman is heterozygous for the CF-associated gene (thealleles are represented here by the letters A and A). Assuming that meiosisoccurs normally, which of the following represent eggs that she can produce? |
o A. A B. a C. Aa D. a and b E. a, b, and c |
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o Meiosis differs from mitosis in the ________. |
o A. way in which sister chromatids separate o B. number of cells produced immediately after the starting cells divide o C. number of chromosomes in the starting cells D. number of sister chromatids in the starting cells o E. number of chromosomes in each ending cell |
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o Besides recombination, what other event in meiosis increases the genetic diversity of the gametes? |
o A. the way in which chromosomes are replicated in meiosis IIo B. the random line-up andseparation of maternal and paternal chromosomeso C. the random exchange of DNA segments between paternalchromosomeso D. the random exchange of DNA segments between maternalchromosomeso E. the random way in which gametes fuse together to makeuniquely different sperm and eggs |
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o An alien has 82 total chromosomes in each of its body cells.The chromosomes are paired, making 41 pairs. If the alien’s gametes undergomeiosis, what are the number and arrangement (paired or not) of chromosomes inone of its gametes? |
o A. 41 paired chromosomeso B. 41 unpaired chromosomeso C. 82 unpaired chromosomeso D. 82 paired chromosomeso E. 164 paired chromosomes |
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o Assume that Emily (who has CF, a recessive disease (aa))decides to have children with a man who does not have CF and who has no familyhistory of CF. What combination of gametes can each of them produce, and whatis the probability that they will have a child who is a carrier for CF? |
o A. Emily: aa and man: Aa; 100% probabilityo B. Emily: Aa and man: AA; 50% probabilityo C. Emily: aa and man: AA;100% probabilityo D. Emily: aa and man: AA; 50% probability E. Emily: Aa and man:Aa; 100% probability |
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o Use the following information for this question:o Phenylketonuria is considered to be an inborn error ofmetabolism. It is a recessive genetic condition in which the enzyme that breaksdown the amino acid phenylalanine is defective or missing. Testing of allnewborns allows this condition to be detected at birth. A special diet thatseverely minimizes phenylalanine (e.g., by avoiding diet sodas and most usualsources of protein) can treat the condition.o In this scenario, two carriers of both cystic fibrosis andphenylketonuria have a child.o What is the probability that the child will have both cysticfibrosis and phenylketonuria? |
§ A. 6.25%§ B. 12.5%§ C. 18.75%§ D. 56.25%§ E. 0% |
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· o Use the following information for this question:o Phenylketonuria is considered to be an inborn error ofmetabolism. It is a recessive genetic condition in which the enzyme that breaksdown the amino acid phenylalanine is defective or missing. Testing of allnewborns allows this condition to be detected at birth. A special diet thatseverely minimizes phenylalanine (e.g., by avoiding diet sodas and most usualsources of protein) can treat the condition.o In this scenario, two carriers of both cystic fibrosis andphenylketonuria have a child.o What is the probability that the child will have cysticfibrosis and be a carrier for phenylketonuria? |
§ A. 6.25%§ B. 12.5%§ C. 18.75%§ D. 56.25%§ E. 0% |
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o What does it mean to say that a person has a heterozygousgenotype for a disease gene and no disease phenotype? |
o A. This disease has a recessive inheritance pattern. o B. This disease has a dominant inheritance pattern. o C. This person is a carrier of the disease because the dominant allele masks the recessive phenotype. o D. a and c E. a, b, and c |
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o How do the two alleles of the CFTR gene in a lung celldiffer? |
o A. They were inherited fromdifferent parents.o B. One is on chromosome 7 and one is on chromosome 3.o C. Only one is expressed.o D. all of the aboveo E. There is no difference because they are both the samegene. |
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o A human female has ________ chromosomes in each skin celland ________ chromosomes in each egg. |
o A. 46; 46o B. 23; 46o C. 46; 23o D. 23; 23o E. 92; 46 |
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Whatis the genotype of a person with CF? |
o A. homozygous dominanto B. homozygous recessiveo C. heterozygouso D. any of the aboveo E. none of the above |
