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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleotides |
Building units of DNA |
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Base pairing |
Bases pair together as A::T C::G |
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Recombinant DNA |
Genetic engineering genetically modify an organism |
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Gene therapy |
Modifying a gene |
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Gene mutation |
The DNA code is changed |
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Chromosome mutation |
The whole chromosome is missing or there is an extra piece of it |
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Extra #21 |
Trisomy 21 "down syndrome" |
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Extra X chromosome |
Xxy- klinfeller syndrome |
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Evolution |
Change |
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Species or group of individuals |
Evolve over time |
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Individuals of a species |
Do not evolve over time |
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Antibiotic resistant bacteria |
MERCA |
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Darwins steps to evolution |
1. Organisms in a species vary 2. All organisms over produce 3. Constant struggle for survival 4. Environment determines which survive (survival of the fittest) 5. The fittest pass on their traits |
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Evidence for evolution |
1. antibiotics resistance 2. Fossils 3. Homologous organs 4. DNA similarities |
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Homologous organs |
Similar in structure but different in function Ex: human arm & Bird wing |
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2 types of natural selection |
Directional selection Stabilization selection |
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Directional selection |
Species move toward a direction when an extreme phenotype is favored and the distribution curve shifts in that direction |
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Stabilization selection |
Favors a middle ground |
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Disruptive selection |
2 or more extreme phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype |
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Reproductive isolation |
Prevented from breeding means genes are not exchanged |
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Geographic isolation |
Two different species of squirrels that were once the same species but because the Colorado River split the land they both evolved differently |
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Reproductive isolation |
Breed at different times of the year can split a species |
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Environmental change |
Birds in desert had to evolve their beaks to break hard seeds after soft seeded plants died off |
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Mutation |
Genetic changes |
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Plate tectonics |
Continents are on plates above the mantle so they move apart |
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Ecology |
Study of the environment |
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Food chain |
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Energy |
All things are recycled in nature but... |
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Sun |
Creates energy |
