Bio2

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the stable internal conditions of a living thing

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homeostasis

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an example of this is... BODY TEMP98.6*

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homeostasis

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cell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by...

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controlling what substances may enter or leave cells

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the movement of substances that can cross the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell membrane is called..

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passive transport

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the simplest type of passive transport is

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diffusion

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the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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diffusion

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the difference in the concentration of molecules across a space is called a...

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concentration gradient

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molecules tend to move DOWN their concentration gradient from areas where they are mor concentrated to areas where they are...

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less concentrated

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diffusion will eventually cause the concentration of molecules to be the _____ throughout the space the molecules occupy

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same

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wen the concentration of the molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space a state of _____ exists

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equilibrium

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beaker with sugar will eventually reach...

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equilibrium

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the ability of a molecule to diffuse across a cell membrane depends on..

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the size and type of molecule

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molecules that can dissolve in lipids may pass thru the membrane by

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diffusion

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small molecules that are not soluble in lipids may diffuse across the membrane by..

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moving through the pores in the membrane

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..the process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

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OSMOSIS!

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since water moves down its concentration gradient osmosis does not requier...

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cells to expend energy

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osmosis is a type of....

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passive transport

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the net directions of osmosis depends on..

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the relative concentration of solutes on the two sides of the membrane

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when the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside the cytosol the solition outside is...

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HYPOTONIC to the cytosol

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when the concentration of the solute molecules outside the cell is HIGHER than the concentration in the cytolsol the solution outside is...

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hypERtonic to the cytosol

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water tends to diffuse from HYPOtonic solutions to...

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HYPERtonic solutions

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contractile vacuoles ...

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organelles that remove water

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contractile vacuoles collect

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the excess water and then contract pumping te water out of the cell

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most of the time, plant scells also live in a

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hypotonicenviroment

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water moves by osmosis into plant cells which swell as they fill with water the swelling stops when..

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the cell membrane is pressed against the inside of a cell wall

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the cell wall is strong enough to resist..

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the pressure exerted by water inside the expanding cell

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turger pressure is the pressure that water molecules exert against..

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the cell wall

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in a hypertonic environment water leaves the cell thru the osmosis the cell shrinks away from the cell wls and turgur pressure is lost. this condition is called...

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plasmolysis

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the reason that plants wilt if they do not receive enough water

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plasmolisis

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facilitated diffusion is used for...

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molecules that cannot diffuse thru cell membranes even when there is a concentration gradient across the membrane

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the carrier proteins that serve in facilitated diffusion transport molecules from an area of higher concentration on one side of the membrane to an area of

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lower concentration on the other side

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steps of facilitated difusion..3

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1-binds to the molecule
2-changes shape
3-molecule is realeased into the cell

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facilitated difusion can help cells move in or out of the cell depending on the..

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concentration gradient

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unlike passive transport active transport requires a cell to

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expend energy

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the carrier protiens that serve in active transport are often called cell membrane pumps because they move substances ...

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up the concentration gradient

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the sodium potassium pump pumps

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sodium and pottasium ions up their concentration gradient

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at top speed the sodium potassium pump can transport about ___sodium ions and ____potassium ions per second

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450, 300

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the process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules and large particles including other cells is called

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ENDOCYTOSIS

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2 types of endocytosis

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pinocytosis, phagocytosis

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exocytosis is the reverse of

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endocytosis