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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do Euglenozoans include? |
Excavata group ----> Euglenozoans: -Trypanosoma -Euglena |
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What do Apicomplexans include and which group does it fall under? |
-Chromalveolata group --> Apicomplexans: Plasmodium |
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What do Ciliates inclue and which group does it fall under? |
Chromalveolata group ----> Ciliates: Paramecium |
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What do Chlorophytes include and which group does it fall under? |
Archaeplastida group ----> Chlorophytes: Volvox |
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What to Amoebozoans include and which group does it fall under? |
Unikonta group ----> Amoebozoans: -Ameoba -Physarum |
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Which domain and phylum is the Anabaena? |
Anabaena: -Domain Eubacteria -Phylum Cyanobacteria |
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Volvox Domain Eukarya |
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Diatoms Domain Eukarya |
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Amoeba Domain Eukarya |
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Paramecium Domain Eukarya |
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Trypanosoma Domain Eukarya |
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Plasmodium Domain Eukarya |
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Physarum Domain Eukarya |
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What do you know about Prokaryote? |
remember: "pro" before: - they are single-celled - no membrane-bound nucleus - have plasmids -asexual reproduction -tiny domains among prokaryotes: Eubacteria (or bacteria) and Archae |
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What are some roles of Eubacteria? |
- decomposers -agents of fermentation -aid in digestion |
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"bacillus" |
rod-shaped |
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"coccus" |
spherical shaped |
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"spirillum" |
spiral-shaped |
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"diplo" |
in pairs |
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"strepto" |
in chains |
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"staphylo" |
in bunches :) |
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How are eubacteria classified? |
- Morophology -Gram staining |
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What colour is Gram-Negative bacteria and Gram Positive and why are they different colours? |
Gram Negative (selective lipid bilayer) ----> PINK Gram Positive (have peptidogylcan walls which easily absorb stain)------> PURPLE |
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What do you know about Cyanobacteria? |
They fall under the domain: Eubacteria -called "blue-green algae) - are not true algae. -are photoautotophs (make food from sunlight) -found in fresh and salt water. |
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What do you know about Anabaena? |
- freshwater dude -filaments -nitrogen-fixation -produces a neurotoxin that can kill fish -can give water a real bad taste |
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What are protists? |
they are eukaryotic organisms -dustbin taxon. -are autotrophs (synthesize own food) |
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What do you know about Volvox? |
-belong to Eukarytotes plant-like protists - green, alga -have lots of cells with flagella and eyespots - can reproduce both sexually (mitosis in colonies of specialized cells making sperm packets) and asexually (mitosis in daughter colonies which are much smaller) |
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What do you know about Diatoms? |
-Eukaryotic plant-like protist. - play roles in carbon cylce and photosynthesis in oceans. -are diploid -silica based cell walls (frustules) -usually has asexual reproduction but once the daughter cells become too tiny they reproduce sexually. |
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What do you know about Euglena? |
-Eukaryotic plant-like protist -found in freshwater -weird photosynthesis and heterotyophy (captures its own food!) -flagella -eyespots |
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What do you know about Amoeba? |
-Eukaryotic animal-like protist -fresh water -hetertophs (engulf food) gobble gobble -cell-crawling movement using pseudopodia |
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What do you known about Paramecium? |
-Eukaryotic animal-like protist -lined with cilia propelling them through water -sweeps food into oral groove -have macro and micro nucleus. -undergo both asexual and fake sexual reproduction (conjugation). |
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What do you know about Trypanosoma? |
- Eukaryotic unicellular parasitic protists -have flagellum for movement -has glycoprotein coat that exhibits antigenic variation where the cell surface antigens change to avoid detection by the hosts immune system. |
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What do you know about Plasmodium? |
-Eukaryotic unicellular parasitic protist -causes Malaria by heading to liver cells and multiply -head to blood cells, causing them to burst which provoke fevers |
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What do you know about Physarum? |
-Eukaryotic fungus-like amoeboid protist -develop genes that respond to AMP forming a motile slug which produces fruiting body with spores on top -spores released in to the air landing on food; cycle restarts. |
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Give three examples of Non-Vascular Bryophytes: |
- Liverworts (Hepatophyta) -Mosses (Bryophyta) -Hornworts (Anthocerophyta) |
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Give two examples of Seedless Vascular plants: |
-lycophytes (e.g club mosses) -pterophytes (ferns) |
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Give two examples of Seed plants: |
-Gymnosperms -Angiosperms |
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What is Alteration of Generations? |
This occurs when the sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores which germinate to from a haploid gametophyte which undergoes mitosis to produce haploid gametes (egg, sperm) which fuse to form diploid zygote. |
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What are some of the adaptations of Byrophytes? Which stage is dominant? |
-waxy cuticle prevent water loss -stomata for exchange of gas (except hepatophyta) -guard cells open and close (except for hepatophyta) -rhizoids (like roots that do not take up water) -gametophyte dominant. |
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WHAT IS IT? A multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants, producing and containing the ovum or female gamete: |
Archegonium |
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What do you know about liverworts? |
-Phylum Hepatophyta -consist of flat sheets of tissue (thallus) -attached to the ground by rhizoids -lack stomata and guard cells -gametophyte dominant -can have gemmae cups |
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Gemmae Cups? |
little cups found on the thallus of liverworts which produce gemmae when the cup is filled with water. |
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What is different between male and female Marchantia (genus of liverwort) ? |
- female has umbrella-shaped structures called archegoniophores that have archegonia hanging off them with its eggs -male has has umbrella shaped structures called antheridiophores with antheridia containing sperm. |
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What is in this picture ? :) |
Big guy: Archegoniophore -little dudes hanging: archegonia |
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What about this one?? |
Antheridium! |
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What do you know about Bryophyta? What is their 'English' name? ;) What is its dominating generation? |
-Moss! -they are non-vasular -have hydroids conducting water forming simple veins. -have stomata for exchange of gases -gametophyte dominating generation |
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How do bryophytes reproduce? |
-in presence of water, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia to fertilize egg. -diploid sporophyte formed. -produce haploid spores -operculum (hat) falls off sporangium and spores are let free. |
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In the moss, which part is the gametophyte and which is the sporophyte? |
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What is true about all vascular plants? |
- all have roots, stems, leaves |
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Are lycophyta vascular or nonvascular? |
lycophyta are vascular |
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Which generation is dominant in seedless vascular plants? |
-Diploid sporophyte generation. |
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What two things can you catergorise lycophyta by? |
-simple microphyll leaves -small roots which pull water too! |
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What is the difference between Heterospory and Homospory? |
Heterospory: can make more than one type of spore that differ in size and sex. Homospory: can make only one type of spore not differentiated by sex. |
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What does the strobillus look like, where is it found and what does it contain? |
- found in lycophyta - contain sporophylls |
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What process occurs in the sporangia of lychophyta? |
-bundles of spores -mitosis occurs here |
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What do you know about the phylum pterophyta? |
- ferns - seedless vasular plants - megaphylls (big leaves) with fronds (vascular tissue) -have sori (bundles of sporangia) -heterosporous |
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Which phyllum to whisk ferns belong to? What is its dominant generation? |
-pterophyta -have sori -have prophylls (small leaves without vascular tissue) -diploid sporophyte dominant. |
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What is the indusium? |
it is the cover of each individual sorus containing sporangia. |
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Which plants have sori? |
- ferns (pterophyta) |
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All seed-bearing plants are.................. |
-heterosporous |
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What are microsporangia and what are megasporangia? |
-micro (male spores) -mega (female spores) |
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Show the diagram of homospory: |
sporophyte (2n) -->Meiosis in sporangium-->spores(n)---->gametophyte(n)----> egg/sperm (n) |
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Show the diagram of heterospory for megasporangium (female): |
sporophyte (2n) ---> meiosis---> megaspore (n)--->megagaemtophye(n)----> egg (n) |
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Show the diagram of heterospory for microsporangium (male): |
sporophyte (2n) ---> meiosis ----> microspores (n) ----> microgametophte (n) ----> sperm (n) |
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What do you know about Gymnosperms? |
-have naked seeds -no flowers -rely on wind to deliver pollen to ovule -no fruit |
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What do you know about Phylum Cycadophyta ? |
e.g Zamia -gymnosperm -giant pith trunk -harbour nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria -staminate (pollen-making) and ovulate cones are on separate plants. staminate are longer and thinner. |
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What do you know about Phylum Coniferophyta? |
-gymnosperm -narrow need-like leaves -low rates of photosynthesis -very resistant to water loss -development of sporophyte happens at the female cone |
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Xylem: |
-composed of tracheids (dead hollow cells) -have pits in cell walls for water to pass through -lignin in secondary walls -pull salts + water |
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Phloem: |
- composed of sieve-tube members + companion cells -channel sugar through plant -sieve members lack nuclei |
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What do you know about Angiosperms? |
-males have stamens, anther (with microsporangia) - heterosporous |
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How does fertilization occur in flowering plants? |
double fertilization: pollen lands on stigma, builds pollen tube down to ovary. Two sperm nuclei head to micropyle where one sperm nucleus fuses with egg to form zygote and the other fuses with haploid polar nuclei to form endosperm. |
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What is the difference between abiotic and biotic seed dispersal? |
biotic: using animals to carry seeds abiotic: wind, water, gravity,ballistic (forcefully rejected seeds) |
