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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the placenta do? |
Waste removal and nourishment of the fetus |
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What are the four features in fetalcirculation not present in adults. |
Umbilical vein and artery, oval openingbetween right and left atria and the arterial duct allows blood to bypass thelungs, venous duct permits blood to bypass the liver |
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What happens to the oval opening when a baby is born and what is it called when it fails? |
A flap of tissue covers it, failure to close could lead to “blue baby” condition |
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What is the composition of formed elements in the blood? |
45%, Red blood cells (RBCs) – carry O2, white blood cells (WBCs) – fights infections, platelets – clotting |
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What is the composition of Plasma of the blood? |
55%, mostly H2O and dissolved molecules |
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What are three functions of blood? |
Transport of nutrients, waste and gases, allows your body to defend itself against infection, and regulates temperature |
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What is the capillary exchange on the arterial side? |
Blood pressure > osmotic pressure therefore water, O2, glucose (ect.) leave the capillaries |
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What is the capillary exchange on the venous side? |
Osmotic pressure > blood pressure therefore water, ammonia, CO2 (etc.) enter the capillaries |
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What happens to the water that doesn’t re-enter the capillaries? |
Drained by the lymphatic system |
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What affects the movement of fluid from capillaries? |
Blood pressure, capillary permeability, and osmosis |
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Where is the net movement from blood and tissues, and where is it removed? |
A net movement of fluid occurs from blood into tissues. Fluid gained by tissues is removed by the lymphatic system |
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What are the first two steps in clotting? |
1. Platelets adhere to site of injury, 2. Platelets release an enzyme, prothrombin activator (P.A.) |
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What is the reaction that starts with prothrombin? |
Prothrombin (PA,Ca+2) Thrombin |
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What is thrombin and where is it produced? |
Prothrombin is produced in the liver (needs vitamin K) and is an inactive clotting protein suspended in the plasma. Thrombin is an active enzyme. |
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What reaction does thrombin catalyze? |
Fibrinogen (Thrombin) Fibrin |
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What is fibrinogen and what does it do? |
Fibrin forms fine protein threads which act as a mesh around the platelets to stop bleeding |
