Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Defense in other animals
|
antimicrobial peptides in invertebrates antibody like molecules in sharks
|
|
|
transport epithelium
|
specialized cells with transport proteins in pm
move specific ions / molecules in and out of the tubule Essential for osmotic regulation and waste disposal active transpot or passive transport |
|
|
sodium loss reduces osmolarity of body fluids
|
less water absorbed by kidneys
dec bv dec bp |
|
|
pituitary dwarfism
|
dec gh
|
|
|
Similar adh is secreted
|
in fish amphibians reptiles birds
|
|
|
under production of glucocorticoids
|
dec stress toerance
|
|
|
over production of glucocorticoids
|
portein breakdown in muscles, you get fat, and bg rise
|
|
|
glucocorticoids w arthritis and dermatitis
|
anti inflammatory
|
|
|
overproduction of aldosterone
|
swell tissues and bp rises
|
|
|
underproduction of Aldosterone
|
water loss and dehydration
|
|
|
diabetes 1
|
humulin injections
can be autoimmune where beta cells are attacked |
|
|
malfunctions of T and b cells
|
if immature b/t cells attack react to self molecules they will kill themselves or remain dormant.
|
|
|
E to make urea with respect to Energy for ammonia
|
Urea is greater
|
|
|
Type II diabetes
|
more common and 90% is from obese ppl
|
|
|
malfunction of the immune system allergies
|
Ige on the 2nd encounter can cause anapylactic shock causing mass leakage lungs are blocked
|
|
|
pituitary dwarfism
|
underproduction of GH
|
|
|
Amines
|
T3 T4 ep norep melatonin
|
|
|
steroid
|
sex hormones and corticoids
|
|
|
invertibrate hormones
|
BH JH ecdysone MIH
|
|
|
Long term effects of diabetes
|
Can use up all your proteins causing bv's to become weakened and amputate arms legs ect.
|
|
|
macula densa cells
|
specialized cells of the distal tubule chemoreceptors that sense a change in solute conc and flow rate of filtrate
|
|
|
ANF
|
heart hormone that inhibits renin
|
|
|
Osmoconformers and ectotherms
|
mostly invertibrates
|
|
|
IL1
|
apc macrophage to the Helper T
|
|
|
IL2
|
Ht to B-cells
|
|
|
Cyclosporin A
|
inc susecptibility to infection
allows transplanted organs not to be attacked |
|
|
Immunological tolerance
|
ability of B&T cells to fight off pathogens
|
|
|
Monoclonals
|
Making antibodies with hybridomas
|
|
|
pineal
affects which part of the hypothalmus effects which cells in other animals |
suprachiosmatic
melaophores IDK the spelling ....:( |
|
|
Epi Nor Epi contribute to what?
|
the stress response short term
|
|
|
Growth factors
|
peptide and both paracrine and autogrine
|
|
|
Prostaglandins
|
anti inflammatory and pain enhancer
local regulators from fatty acids. |
|
|
Thyroid w sympathetics
|
growth development maturation increases atp usage synthesis and rate of metabolism
also inc ep and NorEpi receptors |
|
|
Graves diseases
|
hyperthyroidism protruding eyes
|
|
|
insoluble and the toxic metabolic waste
|
the uric acid is insoluble and the ammonia is toxic
|
|
|
osmoregulators
|
all freshwater and terrestrial invertebrates
freshwater have to use energy to maintain internal hyper osmoticity terrestrial osmoregulators must find salt and replace lost water |
|
|
2 other adaptations to water conservation
|
lungs location and keratonized skin
|
|
|
chloride cells
|
actively transport Na K Cl out of the marine teleosts
|
|
|
rectal salt gland
|
In sharks where (and rays) excess salt is excreted through
|
|
|
thermal acclimization
|
physiological change in response to seasonal shifts in environment temper
|
|
|
hypothalmus w respect to thermoregulation
|
has warm and cold receptors
vaso dialate and vaso constrict |
|
|
nonshivering thermogenesis
|
when non muslce tissue generatese heat by oxidative mechanisms
|
|
|
brown adipose or brown fat
|
can produce heat in babbies by nonshivering thermogenesis
|
|
|
daily torpor
|
having a lowered temp set point to reduce energy requierd, sleeplike state
|
|
|
summer extended torpor
|
estivation
|
|
|
counter current heat exchanger system
|
system btw swimming muscles and gills to prevent most heat loss.
|
