Bio108 Chapter 4

Front 1

epithelial tissue

Back 1

type of tissue that lines hollow organs and covers surfaces; serves as a protective function and can also be modified to carry out secretion, absorption, excretion, and filtration

Front 2

basement membrane

Back 2

layer of nonliving material that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue

Front 3

squamous epithelium

Back 3

type of epithelial tissue that contains flat cells; found lining the air sacs of lungs and walls of blood vessels

Front 4

cuboidal epithelium

Back 4

type of epithelial tissue with cube-shaped cells; frequently founds in glands (salivary, thyroid) and pancreas

Front 5

columnar epithelium

Back 5

type of epithelial tissue with cylindrical cells

Front 6

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Back 6

appearance of layering in some epithelial cells when each cell touches a baseline and true layers don't exist

Front 7

gland

Back 7

epithelial cell or group of epithelial cells specialized to secrete a substance

Front 8

exocrine glands

Back 8

gland that secretes its product to an epithelial surface directly or thru ducts

Front 9

endocrine glands

Back 9

ductless organ that secretes a hormone or hormones into the bloodstream

Front 10

exocrine glands

Back 10

gland that secretes its product to an epithelial surface directly or thru ducts

Front 11

organ

Back 11

combo of two or more different tissues performing a common function

Front 12

integumentary system

Back 12

organ system consisting of skin and various organs, such as hair, found in skin

Front 13

skin

Back 13

outer covering of the body; can be called the integumentary system b/c it contains organs such as sense organs

Front 14

subcutaneous layer

Back 14

aka "hypodermis" tissue layer that lies just beneath the skin and contains adipose tissue

Front 15

epidermis

Back 15

region of skin that lies above the dermis; made of stratified squamous epithelium

Front 16

Langerhans cells

Back 16

specialized epidermal cell that assists the immune system; white blood cells that phagocytize infectious agents and then travel to lymphatic organs

Front 17

melanocytes

Back 17

melanin-producing cell found in skin lying deep in the epidermis

Front 18

Vitamin D

Back 18

vitamin required for bone growth; it leaves the skin and helps regulate both calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

Front 19

dermis

Back 19

region of dense fibrous connective tissue that lies beneath the epidermis containing collagen and elastic fibers

Front 20

subcutaneous layer

Back 20

layer beneath the dermis that isn't technically a part of the skin; composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue; it's a common site for injections

Front 21

nails

Back 21

protective covering of the distal part of fingers and toes

Front 22

hair follicle

Back 22

tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops

Front 23

oil glands

Back 23

aka "subaceous gland" gland of the skin associated with hair follicle; secretes sebum

Front 24

sebum

Back 24

oily substance that lubricates the hair w/in the follicle and the skin

Front 25

sweat gland

Back 25

skin gland that secretes a fluid substance for evaporative cooling

Front 26

cardiovascular system

Back 26

-transport system for nutrients, waste

-provides temp, pH, and fluid homeostasis

organ: Heart

Front 27

lymphatic and immune systems

Back 27

-defends against infectious diseases

-provides fluid homeostasis

-assists in absorption and transport of fats

organs: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen

Front 28

digestive system

Back 28

-ingests, digests, and processes food

-absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste

-involved in fluid homeostasis

organs: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Front 29

respiratory system

Back 29

-exchanges gases at both lungs and tissues

-assists in pH homeostasis

organs: lungs

Front 30

urinary system

Back 30

-excretes metabolic wastes

-provides pH and fluids homeostasis

organs: kidneys, urinary bladder

Front 31

2 main cavities in the human body:

Back 31

-dorsal

-ventral

Front 32

ventral cavity later becomes the _____, _____, and ______ cavities

Back 32

thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

Front 33

the thoracic cavity contains the _____ and the _____.

Back 33

lungs and heart

Front 34

the thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by a horizontal muscle called the _____.

Back 34

diaphragm

Front 35

which organs are in the abdominal cavity?

Back 35

stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and most of the large and small instestine

Front 36

2 parts of the dorsal cavity:

Back 36

-cranial cavity w/in the skull contains the brain

-vertebral canal formed by the vertebrae contains the spinal cord

Front 37

function of the body membranes:

Back 37

line cavities and internal spaces of organs and tubes that open to the outside

Front 38

4 types of body membranes:

Back 38

-mucous

-serous

-synovial membranes

-meninges

Front 39

mucous membranes

Back 39

line the tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems

Front 40

serous membranes

Back 40

line and support the lungs, heart, abdominal cavity and its internal organs--covers internal organs and lines cavities w/out an opening to the outside of the body

Front 41

synovial membranes

Back 41

composed only of loose connective tissue line the cavities of freely movable joints

Front 42

meninges

Back 42

membranes found w/in the dorsal cavity (central nervous system)

Front 43

homeostasis

Back 43

maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self-regulating mechanisms

Front 44

the internal environment has 2 parts:

Back 44

-blood

-tissue fluid

Front 45

negative feedback

Back 45

mechanism of homeostatic response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus

Front 46

the sensor and control center for body temperature are located in a part of the brain called the _______.

Back 46

hypothalamus

Front 47

positive feedback

Back 47

mechanism in which the stimulus initiates reactions that lead to an increase in the stimulus