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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of a Transmission Electron Microscope? |
- Resolution of 2nm - Used to study internal cell structure - Uses an electron beam |
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What are the characteristics of a Scanning Electron microscope? |
- Resolution of 10nm - Used to study the surface of cell and produce a 3D image - Uses an electron beam |
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How does the golgi apparatus work? |
1. Vesicles from ER carries proteins to the golgi apparatus. 2. Vesicles fuse with the golgi apparatus to make a new 'cis' golgi cisternae (a flattened membrane disk). 3. The golgi cisternae moves from the cis to trans direction. 4. At the trans section, the modified proteins can be shipped (by formation of vesicles) to: - different parts of the inner cell - to the plasma membrane to be secreted - back to the ER - to newer golgi cisternae to be further modified |
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How does the lysosome work? |
1. Lysosome is a membrane bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes. 2. It will then fuse with a vacuole or a vesicle. - phagocytosis occurs when it fuses with a vacuole containing something (large molecules) from outside the cell, e.g food vacuole. - autophagy occurs when it fuses with a vesicle containing damaged organelles within the cell. 3. Lysosome will then break down these molecules with its hydrolytic enzymes.
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What is the structure of a mitochondria? |
- Outer membrane - Inter membrane space (space between the outer and inner membrane) - Inner membrane: cristae is the folding of the inner membrane (has many folds to increase surface area to increase ATP production) - Matrix (contains ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA) |
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What is the structure of a chloroplast? |
- Outer membrane - Inner membrane - Stroma (free space within the inner membrane, containing chloroplast DNA) - Thylakoids (membrane bound compartments containing light absorbing pigments) - Granum, a stack of thylakoids |
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What are the main functions of the cytoskeleton? |
- Maintain cell shape - Facilitate movement of the cell (pseudopodia, flagella, cillia) - Facilitate movement of organelles within the cell (vesicles) |
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What is the structure and the main functions of the microtubulin? |
Structure: Hollow tubes, consisting of columns of tubulin molecules.
Functions: - Maintain cell shape - Cell motility (Cilia / Flagella) - Organelle movements (it provides a network for movement for vesicles) - Chromosome movement during cell division |
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What is the structure and the main functions of Microfilaments? |
Structure: Two actin strands intertwined, each a polymer of actin subunits.
Functions: - Maintenance of cell shape - Cell motility (pseudopodia, kinda like sending out a 'foot' for movement) - Changes in cell shape, muscle contraction, cell division |
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What is the structure and the main functions of the intermediate filaments? |
Structure: Fibrous proteins supercoiled into thick cables. (one example of the proteins is keratin)
Functions: - Maintain cell shape - Anchors the nucleus and other organelles in place -
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What is the structure of the flagella/cilia? And how does it work? |
Structure: - Wrapped in plasma membrane - Inside there are microtubules in a circle - Between every 2 microtubules are motor proteins or 'dynein arms' - There are also cross linking proteins between the microtube doublet
Function: - ATP provides energy to dynein arms - motor proteins move along the microtubule - crosslinking proteins stop them from moving too far, causing them to go back, allowing the flagella / cillia to bend. |
