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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name, define and explain the process shown? |
Cytokinesis of plant cell : division of cytoplasm after division of nucleus - After spindle fibre breaks down membranous vesicles form from Golgi complex appear at the plane of division - the vesicles fuse to form plasma membrane of new cells - the content in the vesicle contribute to the formation of cell wall |
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Name, define and explain the process shown? |
cytokinesis of animal cell : division of cytoplasm - start with furrowing of plasma membrane - contractile ring forms form microfilament actin and myosin - the ring contracts and pinch the cells into two |
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which division is this ad which phase of the division is this, explain ? |
- Meiosis division - metaphase I, as there are homologous chromosome pairing along the equatorial plate - mitosis doesn't have homologous chromosome pairing - it gives rise of genetic variation, as the content of chromosome ending up in daughter cells are due to the random alignment |
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which division is this and which phase is it ? explain. |
- meiosis division -Anaphase I, as the homologous chromosomes are being separated to extreme poles - evidence of crossing over (happens during prophase I) can justify that it is meiosis |
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which phase is it ? Explain. |
- telophase, the complete separation of genetic information and the formation of nuclear envelope - cytokinesis hasn't happen yet - it can be either mitosis telophase or meiosis telophase I (as there are only two daughter cells) |
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which division is this and which phase is it ? Explain. |
- meiosis division - metaphase II, as it is the alignment of chromosomes that contains sister chromatids - the separation of sister chromatids gives same number of chromosome but the content is halved. |
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which division is this and which phase is it ? explain. |
- meiosis - crossing over, is evident (only in meiosis) - anaphase II, the separation of sister chromatids |
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which division is this and which phase is it ? explain. |
- meiosis - as it shows 4 cells at the end - telophase II , the complete separation of genetic material and the formation of nuclear envelope again. - the division of cytoplasm hasn't happen yet |
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which division is this and which phase is this ? explain . |
- meiosis - as it shows the paring of homologous chromosomes - tetrad : is the pair of homologous chromosome - also called bivalent - mid-prophase I , as late-prophase will have chiasma (crossing over)happening and chromosomes will be more condensed |
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define and state the function of kinetochore, centromere, sister chromatids, spindle fibre. |
kinetochore: the region beside centromere, where spindle fibres connect centromere: the center region that connects the sister-chromatides spindle fibre: microtubule that attach to kinetochore and pulls them apart sister chromatids : chromosomes with same genetic sequences connected together at the centromere after duplication at S phase |
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what is cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdks) ? |
- it is a kind of enzyme that adds phosphate to protein - it is responsible of check points in cell cycle - it is present throughout the cell cycle - however, it is only active during G1 phase - usually, it's active site is not exposed - At G1 phase, cyclin is produced and it binds to Cdk4 causing conformational change and expose active site - protein can then get phosphorylated and act as check points |
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how does prokaryotes carry out cell divisions? |
binary fission - it is the division involving FtsZ protein - it forms a ring and pinches off cells into two |
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what are the check points in cell cycle? |
G1 / S check point (restriction point): - check is everything is ready for DNA replication and committed to enter cell cycle G2 / M check point (DNA damage check point): - check is DNA replication went well and is ready for division Metaphase check point (mitotic spindle check point): - make sure all chromosomes are aligned at mitotic plate and under bipolar tension |
