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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Analogous
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Similar in function but not in structure and evolutionary origin.
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Binomial
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Consisting of or relating to two names or terms.
n. Mathematics. A polynomial with two terms. Biology. |
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Cladogram
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A branching, treelike diagram in which the endpoints of the branches represent specific species of organisms. It is used to illustrate phylogenetic relationships and show points at which various species have diverged from common ancestral forms.
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Family
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A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking below an order and above a genus. A family usually consists of several genera.
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Homologous
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Similar in structure and evolutionary origin, though not necessarily in function, as the flippers of a seal and the hands of a human.
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Nomenclature
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The procedure of assigning names to the kinds and groups of organisms listed in a taxonomic classification: the rules of nomenclature in botany.
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Phylum
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A primary division of a kingdom, as of the animal kingdom, ranking next above a class in size.
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Species
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A fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus or subgenus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding.
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Taxon
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A taxonomic category or group, such as a phylum, order, family, genus, or species.
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Animalia
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The Animal Kingdom
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Biodiversity
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The variability among living organisms on the earth, including the variability within and between species and within and between ecosystems.
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Class
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A taxonomic category ranking below a phylum or division and above an order.
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Domain
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Any of three primary divisions of living systems, consisting of the eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea, that rank above a kingdom in taxonomic systems that are based on similarities of DNA sequences.
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Fungi
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Nucleated, usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll.
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Kingdom
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In the Linnaean taxonomic system, the highest taxonomic classification into which organisms are grouped, based on fundamental similarities and common ancestry. The Linnaean system designates five such classifications: animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and protoctists.
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Order
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A taxonomic category of organisms ranking above a family and below a class.
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Plantae
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The plant kingdom.
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Subspecies
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A taxonomic subdivision of a species consisting of an interbreeding, usually geographically isolated population of organisms.
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Taxonomy
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The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.
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Archaebacteria
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An archaeon.
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Cladistics
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A system of classification based on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of groups of organisms.
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Charles Darwin
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Charles Darwin's book The Origin of Species was a scientific bombshell in its day and remains a much-discussed work 150 years later. Darwin was the official naturalist aboard the British ship H.M.S. Beagle during its world voyage of 1831-36. His observations during the journey led him to develop a theory of evolution: the notion that species evolve as the fittest members survive and pass their traits on to future generations.
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Eubacteria
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Term formerly used to describe and differentiate the true bacteria from the archaebacteria. Today, the true bacteria form the domain Bacteria, and the archaebacteria (also an obsolete term) form the domain Archaea. These domains are the two major groups of the prokaryotes.
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Genus
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A taxonomic category ranking below a family and above a species and generally consisting of a group of species exhibiting similar characteristics. In taxonomic nomenclature the genus name is used, either alone or followed by a Latin adjective or epithet, to form the name of a species.
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Carl Linnaeus
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(born May 23, 1707, Råshult, Småland, Swed. — died Jan. 10, 1778, Uppsala) Swedish botanist and explorer. He studied botany at Uppsala university and explored Swedish Lapland before traveling to the Netherlands to complete his medical degree (1735).
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Phylogenetics
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The study of phylogeny.
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Protista
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A proposed kingdom to include all unicellular organisms lacking a definite cellular arrangement, such as bacteria, algae, diatoms, and fungi.
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Systematics
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The systematic classification of organisms and the evolutionary relationships among them; taxonomy.
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Vestigial
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Occurring or persisting as a rudimentary or degenerate structure.
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