Bio Vocab 12-12

Front 1

Diffusion

Back 1

net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Front 2

Dynamic equilibrium

Back 2

condition of continuous, random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials.

Front 3

Facilitated diffusion

Back 3

passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins.

Front 4

Osmosis

Back 4

diffusion of water across a selectively

Front 5

Isotonic solution

Back 5

a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water

Front 6

Hypotonic solution

Back 6

a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis

Front 7

Hypertonic solution

Back 7

a solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis

Front 8

Active transport

Back 8

energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient

Front 9

Endocytosis

Back 9

energy-requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell

Front 10

Energy

Back 10

ability to do work: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed

Front 11

Thermodynamics

Back 11

study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

Front 12

Metabolism

Back 12

all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Front 13

Photosynthesis

Back 13

two- phase anabolic pathway in which the sun light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell

Front 14

Cellular respiration

Back 14

Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release
Energy for use by the cell

Front 15

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Back 15

is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme and energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities.

Front 16

Thylakoid

Back 16

in chloroplasts, one of the stacked, flattened, pigment-containing membranes in which light dependent reactions occur

Front 17

Granum

Back 17

one of the stacks of pigment-containing thylakoids in a plant’s chloroplasts

Front 18

Stroma

Back 18

fluid-filled space outside the grana in which light-dependent reactions take place

Front 19

Pigment

Back 19

light-absorbing colored molecule, such as chlorophyll and carotenoid, in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Front 20

NADP

Back 20

in Photosynthesis the major electron carrier involved in electron transport

Front 21

Calvin cycle

Back 21

light-independent reactions during phase two of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose

Front 22

Rubisco

Back 22

- enzyme that converts inorganic carbon dioxide molecules into organic molecules during the final step of the Calvin cycle