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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry |
Scientific study of matter |
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Matter |
Anything that occupies space |
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Molecules |
Bonded together by atoms |
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Element |
Basic substance that can't be broken down |
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Compounds |
Individual elements combine |
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Reactants |
Transformed into products (left) |
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Atomic weight |
Protons plus neutrons |
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Subatomic particles |
Neutrons protons and electrons |
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Protons |
Determines chemical element |
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Neutrons |
The number of neutrons determines the isotope |
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Electrons |
Number of electrons determines an atoms ion state and chemical reactivity |
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Isotopes |
Same place/ variations of an element that differ in their neutron number |
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Ions |
Charged atoms/happens when an atom loses or gains electrons |
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Ionic bonds |
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another |
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Covalent bonds |
Sharing of one or more electrons between atoms |
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Nonpolar |
Equal sharing |
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Polar |
Unequal sharing |
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Polar covalent bonds |
Uneven charge distribution |
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Hydrogen bonds |
Weak attractions between polar molecules |
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Properties of water |
Effective solvent/strong resistance to change in temp/molecules stick together |
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Solvent |
Dissolving agent |
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Solution |
End mixture |
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Acid |
Releases +H ions/ 0-7 |
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Base |
Removes -H ions/ 7-14 |
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Buffer |
Cells regulate pH/ chemicals that minimize changes in pH by accepting H+ ions |
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Ocean Acidification |
CO2 gas absorbed in the oceans lower pH/organisms die |
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Carbon |
After water you're mostly made of carbon |
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Carbohydrates |
Dietary energy, simple sugar (monosaccharides) |
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Disaccharide |
When two monosaccharides join, ex. Lactose |
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Lipids |
Fat, energy storage, indulstiom, hormone regulation, membrane function/hydrophobic /cell membranes depends on lipids /steroids are a lipid |
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Phospholipid bilayer |
Head of bilayer is hydrophilic, tail is hydrophobic |
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Proteins |
Polymers made by joining many amino acid monomers together/function is determined by a precise amino acid sequence and shape |
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Hydrolysis |
Adds a molecule of water and breaks bonds between monomers (just add water!) |
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Dehydration synthesis |
Links two monomers together and removes a molecule of water |
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Metabolism |
Sum total of all chemical reactions |
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Lactose |
Simple sugar, bacteria ingest and breathe out and causes cramping |
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Polysaccharides |
Joins many monosaccharides, ex. Starch (plants store excess sugar), cellulose (makes up most of a plants body) and glycogen (put together by animals) |
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Saturated fats |
Triglycerides have no double bond in their C/H chains/ contain max no. of hydrogens, less healthy,straight shape |
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Unsaturated fats |
Triglycerides have double bonds in their C/H chains/ less than max no. of hydrogens, more healthy, bent shape |
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Trans fat |
Caused by hydrogenation, adding chemical bonds |
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Steroids |
Differ because carbon skeleton is bent to form four fused rings. Sex hormones, anabolic steroids: synthetic variants of testosterone, increase bmi; cholesterol maintains fluidity in membranes |
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Polypeptide |
Contains amino acids |
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Sickle cell anemia |
One amino acid change mutated hemoglobin changes shape entirely and causes sickle cell and it becomes hard to breathe |
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Enzyme |
Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed, lower activation energy; each enzyme recognize one specific target molecule called it's substrate, |
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Competitive inhibitors |
Bind to the active site, imposter enzyme |
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Noncompetitive inhibitors |
Bind to a distant sites ,prevent enzymes from working |
