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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acrosome
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a vesicle, located at the tip of an animal sperm, that contains enzymes needed to dissolve protective layers around the egg
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blastocyst
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an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of a hollow ball of cells, enclosing a mass of cells attached to its inner surface, which becomes the embryo
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chorionic gonadotropin
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a hormone, secreted by the chorion, that maintains the integrity of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy
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corona radiata
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the layer of cells surrounding an egg after ovulation
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corpus luteum
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an ovarian structure that is derived from the follicle after ovulation and that secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone
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differentiation
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the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, especially of embryos, become specialized into particular tissue types
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ectoderm
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the outermost embryonic tissue layer, which gives rise to structures such as hair, the epidermis of the skin, and the nervous system
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embryo
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the stages of development that begin with the fertilization of the egg cell and end with hatching or birth
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endoderm
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the innermost embryonic tissue layer, which gives rise to structures such as the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts
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endometrium
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the nutritive inner lining of the uterus
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estrogen
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a female sex hormone, produced by follicle cells of the ovary, that stimulates follicle development, oogenesis, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and growth of the uterine lining
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fetus
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the later stages of embryonic development (after the second month) when the developing animal has come to resemble the adult of the species
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follicle cells
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the oocyte and its surrounding accessory cells
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follicle stimulating hormone
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a hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary, that stimulates spermatogenesis and the development of follicles
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gastrula
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a three-layered embryo with ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm cell layers. the endoderm layer usually encloses the primitive gut
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homeobox genes
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a sequence of DNA coding for special, 60-amino-acid proteins, which activate or inactivate genes that control development, these sequences specify embryonic cell differentation
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luteinizing hormone
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a hormone that stimulates testosterone production in males and the development of the folllicle, ovulation, and the production of the corpus luteum in females
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mesoderm
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the middle embryonic tissue layer, lying between the endoderm and ectoderm, and normally the last to develop; gives rise to structures such as muscle and skeleton
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morula
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the embryonic stage during cleavage, when the embryo consists of a solid ball of cells
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ovulation
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the release of a secondary oocyte, ready to be fertilized, from the ovary
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placenta
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a structure formed by a complex interweaving of the uterine lining and the embryonic membranes, especially the chorion; functions in gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between embryonic and maternal circulatory systems and secretes hormones
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progesterone
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a hormone that promotes the growth of uterine lining
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secondary oocyte
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a large haploid cell derived from the first meiotic division of the diploid primary oocyte
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polar body
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in oogenesis, a small cell, containing a nucleus but virtually no cytoplasm, produced by the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte
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zona pellucida
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a clear, non-cellular layer between the corona radiata and the egg
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zygote
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a diploid cell (the fertilized egg) formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes
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