Bio Unit 2

Front 1

What is Diffusion?

Back 1

Diffusion is the process in which molecules of a substance move from areas of high concentration of that substance to areas of low concentration.

Diffusion of the solute.

Front 2

What is Osmosis?

Back 2

The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.

Diffusion of the solvent.

Front 3

What is Passive Transport?

Back 3

The movement of materials across a cell membrane without the use of cell membrane down the concentration gradient.

Front 4

What is Simple Diffusion?

Back 4

When particles that are small enough and have a low enough charge can diffuse directly through the membrane (down the concentration gradient).

Front 5

What is Faciliated Diffusion?

Back 5

Proteins form channels that allow specific substances to pass through the membrane which makes it easier for them to diffuse.

Front 6

What are Gated Ion Channels?

Back 6

Protein channels that can open or close in response to stimuli such as neurotransmitters. When open, acts like Facilitated Diffusion.

Front 7

What is Active Transport?

Back 7

The movement of materials across a cell membrane with the use of cell energy up the concentration gradient.

Front 8

What is Bulk Transport?

Back 8

The process of moving large amounts of material across the cell membrane. Requires energy. Two types of Bulk Transport are endocytosis and exocytosis.

Front 9

What is endocytosis?

Back 9

Endocytosis is the process of taking material inside the cell by enclosing it in a pocket of the cell membrane. Pocket breaks from the outer membrane and creates a vacuole in the cytoplasm. Food and and whole cells can be taken up this way.

Front 10

What is phagocytosis?

Back 10

Phagocytosis is the process in which cytoplasm surrounds and engulfs large particles.

Front 11

What is pinocytosis?

Back 11

Pinocytosis is the process in which a pocket from the cell membrane is filled with liquid and forms vacuole in the cell.

Front 12

What is exocytosis?

Back 12

Exocytosis is the process of sending large amounts of material outside of the cell. Material surrounding the membrane fuses with the cell membrane forcing the material outside the cell.

Front 13

Why do cells perform diffusion and osmosis?

Back 13

Cells need to maintain homeostasis.

Front 14

Compare and contrast Simple Diffusion, Facil. Diffusion, and Gated Ion Channels.

Back 14

Same:
All go down the concentration gradient

All do not require energy

All involve particles moving across the cell membrane

Different:
Facil. Diffusion and Ion Channels use proteins to help particles across the membrane

Facil. Diffusion and Ion Channels only allow certain substances (even though they are small enough and have a charge) to cross the membrane

Front 15

Compare and contrast Facilitated Diffusion with Active Transport.

Back 15

Same:
Both involve the use of proteins for particles to cross the membrane

Both need particles that are small enough to pass through the membrane and have a charge

Different:
Facil. Diffusion does not require eneryg, but Active Transport does.

Facil. Diffusion travels down the concentration gradient, while Active Transport goes up the concentration gradient.

Front 16

Describe the three types of Protein Mediated Transport.

Back 16

Facilitated Diffusion:
Proteins form channels that allow specific substances to pass through the membrane. Does not require energy.

Gated Ion Channels:
Protein channels that open or close in response to stimuli such as neurotransmitters.. When they are open, they act like Facilitated Diffusion.

Active Transport:
Movement of material across a cell membrane. Requires energy (ATP). Goes up the concentration gradient.

Front 17

Describe several conditions where the different types of protein mediated transport would be necessary.

Back 17

Facilitated Diffusion:
In red blood cells when carrier proteins need to transport glucose from one side of the cell membrane to the other.

Gated Ion Channels:
If a foreign substance, such as venom entered the areas around the cell, the ion channels could allow substances to release as part as a defense mechanism. Could also plug the cell shut as well.

Active Transport:
When a cell needs to move a substance out of a cell and the substance inside the cell is in lower concentration while outside is high concentration.