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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotes
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No Nucleus
Only single celled Has plasma membrane Nucleoid with DNA Circular DNA (Bacteria) |
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Eukaryotes
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Has a nucleus
Can have 1 or more cells Has plasma membrane DNA in nucleus (Linear DNA) DNA- multiple chromosomes |
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Cell wall
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Only in plants, bacteria, fungi, algae
Layer around cell gives protection, structure, makes bursting due too much water impossible Made out of cellulose |
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Cytoplasm
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Living contents of the cell
Gel like Were chemical reactions take place Metabolism |
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Cyclosis
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Motion of the cytoplasm
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Plasma membrane
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Membrane around cell.
Selectively permeable Made out of Phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol |
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Ribosomes
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Can be free or bound to ER
Synthesize proteins |
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Cell Theory
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1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function 3. All cells are produced through other cells- accept first cell |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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2 kinds
Rough ER Smooth ER |
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RER
(Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) |
Has ribosomes attached to it
Manufactures proteins for export ex. Insulin |
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SER
(Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum) |
Digestion of drugs, alcohol and lipids for export
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Mitochondria
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Double membrane which increases surface area
Burns food for energy Cellular respiration ATP is released and causes energy |
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ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate) |
"Currency" within cell for energy
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Golgi Body
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RER sends vesicle containing protein to Golgi body
Protein is packaged and sent from Golgi body in vesicle to destination inside or outside cell. |
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Lysosomes
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Vesicles formed by Golgi Body which contain digestive enzymes
They fuse with food vacuoles and break down |
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Vacuoles
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Fluid filled membrane bound structures that store food water and minerals
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Nucleus
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Determines cell function
Consists of nuclear envelope, on the outside Chromatin on the inside The nucleolus inside too |
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Chromatin
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Dense substance in nucleus
Tangled chromosomes (46, or 23 pairs) |
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Nucleolus
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Inside the nucleus
High concentration of RRNA (Ribosomal) |
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Nuclear Envelope/Membrane
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Double membrane around nucleus
has pores, to allow RNA out |
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Microtubules
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Help vesicles, mitochondria and other organelle travel across cell.
Support the cell, and shape mitosis |
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Mitosis
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Cell division
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Microfilaments
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Made of Actin and Myosin
Assist cell in movement, structural support and cell division |
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Cilia
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Uses paddle like motion to propel cell forward
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Flagella
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Use propeller like motion to propel cell forward
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Centrioles
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Assist in cell division
Composed of microtubules and tubulin protein |
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Chloroplasts
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Plastids which contains chlorophyll and has a double membrane.
Used to photosynthesize. |
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Leucoplast
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Plastids found in roots.
Often containing large amounts of starch. Also containing lipids and proteins |
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Exocytosis through vesicles
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Vesicle travels with particle(s) to plasma membrane.
Vesicle attaches to membrane and expels object. |
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Diffusion
(Passive Transport) |
High to low concentration
Substance travels in between phospholipids in plasma membrane only can occur with very small substances |
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Osmosis
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Diffusion with water
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Phagocytosis
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"Cell Eating"
Cell engulfs object common in small organisms attempting to consume large object Amoeba, White blood cell |
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Pinocytosis
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"Cell drinking"
Cell engulfs liquid Amoeba, white blood cell |
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Active Transport
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Low concentration to high
Requires energy Protein pumps substance into/out of cell |
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Facilitated diffusion
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Gate protein: protein opens channel allowing substance in
Carrier Protein: Shifts shape to allow substance through Channel protein: channel through, allowing substance to go through |
