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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a phospholipid consist of? |
a glycerol head, a phosphate group, and 2 fatty acids |
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What functional group does COOH belong to |
carboxyl |
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What bonds are amino acids linked by? |
peptide bonds |
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What is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means |
element |
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anything that takes up space and mass is the definition |
matter |
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What 4 elements make up more than 96% of all living organisms |
carbon nitrogen oxygen and hydrogen |
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Molecules whose component atoms are different are called |
compounds |
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what are distinct forms of atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
isotopes |
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what is the amount of matter in an object |
mass |
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what is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object |
weight |
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what is radioactivity |
when the nuclei of some isotopes are unstable and break down, giving off particles of matter and energy |
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what are isotopes used in biological research as? |
tracers |
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the smallest unit that retains the chemical and physical properties of an element is |
an atom, |
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is the substance H2O is considered to be a) an egg b) a brick c) molecule d) compound or e) c and d |
e |
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protons+neutrons= |
mass number |
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what is an elements atomic number equivalent to |
its protons BABY |
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electrons in an atoms outermost energy level are |
VALENCE electrons |
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what are the 4 most important chemical linkages in biological molecules |
ionic, covalent, hydrogen, and van der waals forces |
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which bond results from electrical attractions between atoms that gain or lose valence electrons completely |
the iconic IONIC bonds |
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a positively charged ion (one that has lost an electron) is called a |
cation |
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a negatively charged ion (one that has gained an electron) is called an |
anion |
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which is the strongest chemical bond which also exerts an attractive force over greater distances than any other chemical bond in all directions |
the iconic IONIC bond |
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which chemical bond forms when atoms share a pair of valence electrons rather than gaining or losing them |
Covalent |
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what is the measure of an atom’s attraction for the electrons it shares in a chemical bond withanother atom
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electronegativity |
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In a nonpolar covalent bond, electrons are shared_________ |
=equally= |
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In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared ____________ |
UNequally |
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In a polar covalent bond, the atom that attracts theelectrons more strongly carries a partial __________ charge |
-negative- |
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In a polar covalent bond, the atom deprived of electrons carries a partial _________ charge |
+positive+ |
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Polar molecules that associate readily with water are ________ (water loving) |
hydrophilic |
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Nonpolar substances that are excluded by water and other polar molecules are ________ hydrophobic (water-fearing) |
hydrophobic |
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___________ forces are weak forces that develop over very short distances between nonpolar molecules |
van der waal forces |
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atoms or molecules entering a chemical reaction are called ______; those leaving are ________ |
reactants; products |
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What is the heat energy required to raise 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius |
calorie |
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what is a kilocalories or 1000 calories |
Calorie |
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what is the tendency of water molecules to stick to each other due to the hydrogen-bond lattice |
cohesion |
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what is the tendency of water molecules to stick to the walls of tubes by forming hydrogen bonds with charged and polar groups in molecules that form the walls |
adhesion |
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_______ is the number of molecules or ions of a substance in a unit volume |
concentration |
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holy crap |
zer0 |
