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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 stages of development |
gametogenesis, fertiliaation, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis |
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Isolecithal, mesolecithal, telolecithal, centrolecitha |
low, medium, large amount of yolk. Central yolk |
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Vitelline membrane |
hardens and becomes fertilization membrane |
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are dividing cells undergoing cleavage |
blastomere.
blastomere surrounds blastocoel (fluid filled cavity) |
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holoblastic vs incomplete cleavage |
all of cytoplasm becomes cells vs not all |
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protostomes |
spiral cleavage, mosaic and determinate so cytoplasmic speciation = death on removal of blastomere, mouth first, SCHIZOcoely |
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Dueterostomes |
radial cleavage, indeterminate and blastomere removal = twins, anus first, enterocoely |
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Gastrula |
stage with more germ layers where blastula forms and stomach/mouth/anus... then schizo or enterocoely |
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Ectoderm/Endoderm |
outer layer, inner bulge that defines gastrulation |
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Archentron |
aka Gastrocoel, middle of endoderm/gastrula |
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Morula |
16 and 32 cell stage before blastula forms with blastocoel |
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Coelem |
gut formed by surrounding mesoderm |
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Types of Protostomes |
Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa |
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Porifera have no ______ ______ and are ________ ________ contain all organisms Eumetazoans contain ________ _________ Protostomes and Duetrostomes are _____________
Cnidarians have __________ _________ |
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name, ID basement membrane |
Squamous Epithelium 400x, basement membrane is thin sheet of fibers that serves for attachment and stabilization |
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Fertilized/Ripe eggs have fertilization membrane which is not perfect and bigger than vitalline membrane AND can have polar bodies |
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Bipinnaria with developed stomach and anus |
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epithelial cells are avascular which means: |
they have no vessels. |
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Define this |
early stage gastrulation, NO LONGER a blastula |
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Epithelial, Cuboidal 400x, has glands, nuclei are small and purple. White middle is duct, basement membrane is around layer of cells surrounding duct |
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Epithelial, Columnar, **Goblet Cells are purple and secrete mucus. (have Microvilli borer) |
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Stratified Squamous again. |
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Connective--Blood. large purple=luekocyte, small purple=platelet. |
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Loose Connective Tissue. Thick Bundle: non-elastic fibers thin: elastic fibers clear: where it connect, ground substance.
thin can bend: elastic |
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Connective. Bone. Haversian Canal. Lacunae (thick in rings) Lamellae (thin rings on which lacunae lie) Canalaculi (fibers going opposite way) |
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Connective. Hyaline Cartilage. matrix = pink lacunae = circles w/ purple in (chondrocyte) |
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Connective. Adipose tissue |
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Muscle. Smooth. |
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Striated muscle. (skeletal muscle) very thin vertical lines nucleus = ovals (can be red or purple) sacolemma = gaps where nucleus resides |
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nervous tissue. cell body, nucleus, nerve processes = dendrites and axons |
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Cardiac muscle is similar to striated muscle but with gaps called intercalated disks. |
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The 3 types of Dueterostomes are |
Chordates and hemichordata/echinodermata |
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Echinodermata has 3 things |
Pentaradial Symmetry (like star fish) Calcareous endoskeleton Water vascular system |
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What are the 6 types of Lophotrochozoa Protostomes? |
PREMAB Platyhelmines Rotifera Ectoprocta Brachiopoda Mollusca Annelida |
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Two types of Ecdysozoa? |
AN ecdysozoa. Nematoda & Arthropoda |
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Porifera |
(metazoa) sponges -2 layers of cell separated by mesohyl. Pinacocytes line canals Choanocytes filter food Archaeocytes can phagocytize larger particles |
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Cnidaria |
(eumetazoa) either 1) free-swimming medusa or sessile polyps -diploblastic acoelemates with an incomplete gut and no excretory or respiratory system
cnidae: capsule organelles. nematocysts sting. |
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Bilateria |
triploblastic: have endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
Dueterostome (chordates, hemi, echinoderms) Protostome (lophotrochozoa, ecydsozoa) |
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Lophotrochozoa |
crown of ciliated tentacles for feeding called lophophore trochophore larvae stage
PREMAB |
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Platyhelminthes |
(Eumetazoa, Bilateria, Protostomia, Lopho)
flatworms acoelemate (no central body cavity)
classes: Turbellaria (flatworms) Tremataoda and Monogenea (flukes) Cestoda (tapeworms) |
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Rotifera |
(Eumetazoa, Bilateria, Protostomia, Lopho)
psuedocoelem |
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Mollusca |
(Bilateria, Protostomia, Lopho)
coelemates- true body cavities mantle- encloses gills and secretes shell 3 main body parts: head, foot, visceral mass |
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Classes of Phylum Mollusca |
Gastropoda: snails, slugs, intricate shells Polyplacophora: Chitons Bivalvia: clams, oysters Cephalopoda: squids, octopus |
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Annelids and 3 classes |
(bilateria, protostomia, lopho)
long like worms, large coelem
Oligochaeta: earthworms Polychaeta: marine worms Hirudinia: leeches |
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What is the clitellum |
Part of the earthworm that is not ringed.
earthworm-oligochaete-lopho-proto |
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Ecdysozoa and 2 phylums |
(Eumetazoa, bilateria, protostomia)
Arthropodia, Nematoda |
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Phylum Nematoda |
Ecdysozoa
parasitic round worms secrete nonliving cuticle and shed as juvenile Eutely |
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Eutely |
set number of cells at maturity |
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Phylum Arthropoda
and 4 subphylum |
(ecdysozoa, protostomia)
chitinous exoskeleton cuticles harden into sclerites
MCCH Myriapoda, Chelicerata, Crustacea, Hexapoda |
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subphylum Myriapoda |
(Arthropoda, Ecdysozoa, Proto)
millipedes and centipedes |
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subphylum chelicerata |
spider and horseshoe crab
chelicerae: 2 fang arms on front prosoma: behind head opsothoma: rear abdomen |
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subphylum crustacea |
(arthropoda, ecydysozoa, proto)
lobsters, crabs, shrimp
head then cephalothorax then abdomen |
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subphylum hexapoda |
6 legs, grasshopper, fly, praying mantis
head then prothorax then mesothorax then metathrox then abdomen |
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Dueterostomes |
Eumetazoa, Bilateria
Chordata, Echinodermata, hemidorata |
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5 classes of Echinodermata |
ACHOE
Asteroidea (sea stars) Crinoidea (other stars) Ophiureoidea (other stars) Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars) Holutheroidea (sea cucumbers) |
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Class Asteroidea |
(asteroids are shooting stars) (Dueterstomia, Echinodermata)
madrepoite (circle on outside) mouth (on bottom) central disk (middle) |
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Phylum Chordata
and 5 characteristics DNPEP |
(Bilateria ,Dueterostomes)
Dorsal nerve cord Notochord Paired pharyngeal slits Endostyle (thyroid) Postanal tail |
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3 subphylums of Chordata |
Cephalochordata (lancelets) Urochordata Vertebrata (humans) |
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(Dueterostomia, Chordata, Cephalochordata)
5 parts |
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Cross section of cephalocordata |
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polyp
eumetazoa, phylum cnidaria, |
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polyp and medusa
Hydrozoa Obelia
eumetazoa, cnidarai, hydrozoa |
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Medusa |
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Flatworm (has eyespots on top of head) angled head
Bilateria, Protostome, Lophotrochozoa, Platyhelminthes, Turbellia
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Bilateria, Protostome, Lophotrochozoa, Platyhelminthes, Trematoda
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Protostomia, Lophotrochozoa, Platyhelminthes, cestoda
also can be worm like with teeth/head structure |
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Protostomia, Lopho, Rotifera, |
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Protstomia, Lopho, Mollusca, Polyplacaphora |
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Protsomia, Lopho, Mollusca, Gastropoda |
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Protostomia, Lopho, Mollusca, Cephalopoda
Cephalopods are also squids, octo, cuttle |
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Protostomia, Lopho, Annelids, Polycheates (marine worms) |
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Protostomia, Lopho, Annelid, Hirudinida
leech |
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Dog heartworm is |
Protostomia, Ecdysozoa, Nematode |
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Protostomia, Ecydysozoa, Nematoda |
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Protostomia, Ecydsozoa, Arthropods, Chelicerata |
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Spiders are what subphylum of what |
Chelicerata of Arthropoda |
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Protostomia, Ecdysozoa, Arthropods, Myriapoda centipiede and millipede |
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Protostomia, Ecdysozoa, Arthropoda, HEXAPODA |
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Dueterostomia, Echinodermata, Asteroidea |
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sea cucumber |
echinodermata, holothuroidea |
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basket star
echinodermata, ophiuroidea |
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dueterostome, chordota, urochodota
left is tadpole urochordota, here is adult
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Coral |
Cnideria Anthozoa |
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telencephalon |
Cerebrum, Olfactory bulbs, Optic nerve, Optic chiasma |
