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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kingdom Fungi: method of acquiring nutrients |
-saprobes -release enzymes on dead organic matter and then absorb the nutrients through their cell walls. |
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Fungi:common structures |
1. Hyphae: (above ground) thread like filaments that make up a fungi body 2. Mycelium: (Below ground) tangled mass of filaments used for absorbing nutrients 3. Cell walls: made from Chitin not cellulose |
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Fungi reproduction |
-sexual or asexual (or both) -most involve the use of spores(haploid reproductive cells) |
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4 Divisions/phyla of Fungi |
1. Zygomycota(case like) 2.Ascomycota(sac-like) 3.basidiomycota(club-like) 4.Imperfect Fungi |
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Division Ascomycota(Sac-Like) |
-spores are in a sac like structure -spores produced sexually in an Ascus(sac) are called Ascospores -spores produced asexually are called Conidia ex: Mildews, molds some yeasts,truffles |
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Division zygomycota(Case-like) |
-spores are in a case like structure -asexual repro in good times, sexual in bad times -ex: bread mould (rhizopus) |
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reproduction in yeasts |
-divide asexually by budding when conditions are good -when conditions are poor they form ascospores by sexual reproduction and remain in this dormant phase until conditions improve
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Uses for Yeast |
1. can carry out anaerobic respiration or Fermentation in order to break down sugar and release energy for the yeast cells 2. CO2 and alcohol are byproducts. Therefore yeasts are used extensively in baking(CO2 makes dough rise) and in wine making 3. Yeasts can also cause infection and disease in humans and plants |
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Division basisiamycota |
-clublike structure called basidia - many are saprobes, some are parasites -many have complex reproductive cycles ex: mushrooms, rusts,smuts, puffballs, bracket fungi |
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Imperfect Fungi |
-not classified into any of the divisions as they have no known sexual phases -many cause diseases in plants and animals -ex: penicillium, trichophyton |
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Fungal associations |
-the symbiotic relationship between fungi and other organisms ex: lichens |
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Kingdom Plantae |
-eukaryotic -multicellular -photosynthetic -cell walls are made up of cellulose -land dwelling -develop from parent tissue |
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Plant life cycles-Alternation of generations |
alteration of generations--> one generation is haploid: gametophyte; the other is diploid: sporophyte |
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sporophyte |
the diploid generation that gives rise to spores (not sexual) (asexual) |
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gametophyte |
the haploid generation that gives rise to gametes |
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non vascular plants- Bryophytes |
-lack roots,stems leaves -no transporting vessels -dense mats -small:1cm eg: mosses, liverworts |
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vascular plants- Tracheophytes |
-conduncting vessels:xylem/Phloem -very diverse |
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spore producing vascular plants |
ex: club mosses, horsetails, ferns -grow in marshes |
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seed producing vascular plants |
-specialized leaves,stems, roots Cone producers:gymnosperm ex: conifers, ginkgo, cycad Flower producers:Anglosperm |
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bryophytes characteristics |
-lack true roots, stems, leaves -dont have vascular tissue for transport ( no xylem and phloem) -grow in dense mats in moist environments -only a few cm tall |
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bryophyte reproduction |
-asexual: vegitative reproduction- a small part breaks off and grows into an identical plant -water in the air is crucial as it allows the sperm to swim and fertilize other gametophytes |
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Tracheophyte characteristics |
-conductive tissue:Xylem and Phloem -taller -Spores -Seed producers -found in marshes,edges of streams, arctic all the way to the rain forests |
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seed producing vascular plants |
this group is extremely succesful do to the following factors -specialized organs->produce seeds in cones/flowers -sexual reproduction-> pollination -no water needed to transport sperm |
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description of angiosperm life cycle |
-an angiospem ovule contains an egg cell and a diploid fusion nucleus (two fused polar nuclei withion the ovule -pollen comes into contact with the stigma, it sends a pollen tube down into the ovary at the pistils base -pollen tube releases 2 sperm when it penetrates the ovule -one fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote -other joins w/fusion nucleus to form a triploid nucleus -triploid-->endosperm nourishes embryo |
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pollination |
pollen+stigma vectors needed wind,insects, bees etc |
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fertilization |
sperm+ova zygote=seed |
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seed dispersal |
various factors that spread seedas |
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Kingdom animalia |
-heterotrophic -multicellular eukaryotes -lack cell walls,only have cell membranes -have nervous and muscular tissue -sexual reproduction, Diploid stage is dominant -vary from microscopic to massive in size |
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What is a body plan? |
internal structure which includes the following -type of body symmetry:does it look asymmetrical or does it show bilateral or radial symmetry -the degree of cell organization:do cells exist independently or form groups(tissues and organs) -the presence of a coelom, or internal body cavity |
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phylum porifera |
ex:sponges habitat: all aquatic -tend to be sessile body plan: simple asymmetrical body plan (no mouth,digestive cavity,muscles or nervous system) |
