Bio Test Number 3 Chapter 9

Front 1

Water
a. helps dilute pollutants.
b. is vital to agriculture, transportation, and manufacturing.
c. maintains Earth’s climate.
d. has properties that make aquatic environments very stable.
e. all of these answers

Back 1

e. all of these answers

Front 2

Which of the following statements is false?
a. Water changes temperatures very slowly.
b. Water expands when it freezes.
c. Water is a poor solvent.
d. Water functions well as a coolant.

Back 2

c. Water is a poor solvent.

Front 3

Only about _____ of the world’s total water supply exists as uncontaminated freshwater on or close to the surface and is readily available for human use.
a. 0.0002%
b. 0.002%
c. 0.02%
d. 0.2%

Back 3

c. 0.02%

Front 4

The hydrologic cycle is responsible for ______ water.
a. collecting
b. purifying
c. recycling
d. distributing
e. All of the above

Back 4

e. All of the above

Front 5

The hydrologic cycle naturally purifies and recycles freshwater as long as humans don’t
a. pollute the water faster than it is replenished.
b. withdraw water from groundwater supplies faster than it is replenished.
c. overload it with slowly degradable and nondegradable wastes.
d. all of these answers

Back 5

d. all of these answers

Front 6

Which of the following statements is false?
a. Recharging of water is a slow process.
b. Aquifers that get very little recharge are nonrenewable resources on a human time scale.
c. The water table falls in dry weather and rises in wet weather.
d. Groundwater is stationary and does not move.

Back 6

d. Groundwater is stationary and does not move.

Front 7

Throughout the world, the most water is used for
a. irrigation.
b. industrial processes.
c. needs of animals and humans.
d. transportation.

Back 7

a. irrigation.

Front 8

Which of the following uses tends to use the smallest amount of water?
a. irrigation
b. public use
c. industry
d. power plant cooling

Back 8

b. public use

Front 9

How much available water used in the United States comes from groundwater sources?
a. one fourth
b. one third
c. one half

Back 9

c. one half

Front 10

Drawbacks to channelization include
a. reduction of upstream flooding
b. elimination of habitat for fish
c. reduction of groundwater discharge
d. all of these answers

Back 10

d. all of these answers

Front 11

Water supply can be increased by
a. water diversion projects.
b. construction of dams and reservoirs.
c. improved efficiency of water use.
d. withdrawn groundwater.
e. all of these answers

Back 11

e. all of these answers

Front 12

Which of the following statements about disadvantages of large dams is false?
a. They cause the water table to rise, increasing chances of waterlogging above the dam.
b. Reservoir formation displaces people and destroys wildlife habitat.
c. They are useful only for flood control.
d. They last only 40 to 200 years before siltation requires their abandonment.

Back 12

c. They are useful only for flood control.

Front 13

Dams
a. deprive downstream areas of nutrients.
b. destroy agricultural land and scenic areas.
c. inhibit migration of fish.
d. all of these answers

Back 13

d. all of these answers

Front 14

California’s basic water problem stems from the fact that _____ of the population lives south of Sacramento, but _____ of the rain falls north of it.
a. 50% . . . 50%
b. 75% . . . 75%
c. 50% . . . 75%

Back 14

b. 75% . . . 75%

Front 15

Overuse of groundwater can lead to
a. saltwater intrusion.
b. subsidence.
c. aquifer depletion.
d. all of these answers

Back 15

d. all of these answers

Front 16

Groundwater depletion can be reduced by
a. developing plant varieties that use less water.
b. using plants more resistant to heat stress.
c. controlling population growth.
d. all of these answers

Back 16

d. all of these answers

Front 17

Desalination
a. is expensive.
b. uses vast amounts of energy.
c. produces toxic wastes.
d. is more common in arid regions of the world.
e. all of these answers

Back 17

e. all of these answers

Front 18

Conserving water
a. reduces the burden on wastewater treatment plants.
b. reduces the need for dams.
c. decreases pollution of surface water.
d. all of these answers

Back 18

d. all of these answers

Front 19

According to water resource experts, the fundamental cause of water waste is
a. lack of water saving technology
b. cheap methods of desalination make fresh water plentiful
c. water is underpriced so that there is no incentive to conserve
d. none of the above

Back 19

c. water is underpriced so that there is no incentive to conserve

Front 20

In irrigation systems which depend on gravity flow through unlined ditches, water can be lost through
a. seepage.
b. evaporation.
c. runoff.
d. all of these answers

Back 20

d. all of these answers

Front 21

In irrigation systems which depend on gravity flow through unlined ditches, water can be lost through
a. seepage.
b. evaporation.
c. runoff.
d. all of these answers

Back 21

d. all of these answers

Front 22

Which of the following statements is false?
a. Lasers could be used to aid in contouring agricultural fields to increase even distribution of water.
b. Drought-resistant crops are available.
c. Clearing land will increase the land’s water retention.
d. Small check dams of earth and stone can be used in developing countries to retain more water.

Back 22

c. Clearing land will increase the land’s water retention.

Front 23

Which of the following offers the greatest conservation of water?
a. center-pivot sprinkler systems
b. low-energy precision-application (LEPA) sprinkler systems
c. trickle or drip irrigation
d. diagonal-pivot systems

Back 23

c. trickle or drip irrigation

Front 24

Wasting water through irrigation could be reduced by
a. treating urban wastewater and using it for irrigation.
b. using organic farming techniques.
c. using computer-controlled systems that monitor soil moisture.
d. all of these answers

Back 24

d. all of these answers

Front 25

Which of the following is not a strategy for using water more sustainably?
a. lower water prices
b. decrease government subsidies for supplying water
c. protect forests, wetlands, and other natural systems that store water
d. slow population growth

Back 25

a. lower water prices

Front 26

Nitrates and phosphates are examples of
a. disease-causing agents.
b. oxygen-demanding wastes.
c. organic plant nutrients.
d. inorganic plant nutrients.

Back 26

d. inorganic plant nutrients.

Front 27

Which of the following statements is false?
a. Heat can lower dissolved oxygen and make fish vulnerable to disease.
b. Organic wastes reduce the amount of oxygen in the water supply.
c. Radioactive wastes and toxins can be concentrated by biological amplification.
d. Inorganic nutrients such as fertilizers have no adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.

Back 27

d. Inorganic nutrients such as fertilizers have no adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems

Front 28

Which of the following is a nonpoint source of water pollution?
a. sewage treatment plant
b. electric power plant
c. active coal mine
d. logged forest

Back 28

d. logged forest

Front 29

Normal clean water organisms require at least ______ of dissolved oxygen in order to thrive.
a. 2 ppm
b. 4 ppm
c. 6 ppm
d. 8 ppm

Back 29

d. 8 ppm

Front 30

Which of the following statements about lakes is true?
a. Stratified layers of lakes are characterized by vertical mixing.
b. Stratification increases levels of dissolved oxygen, especially in the bottom layer.
c. Lakes are more vulnerable than streams to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, pesticides, and toxic substances that can destroy bottom life.
d. Lakes are flushed more easily than streams.

Back 30

C. Lakes are more vulnerable than streams to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, pesticides, and toxic substances that can destroy bottom life.

Front 31

Which of the following stages of cultural eutrophication occurs last?
a. fish kills
b. increase in anaerobic bacteria
c. dense growth of rooted plants along the shore
d. blooms of algae

Back 31

b. increase in anaerobic bacteria

Front 32

During cultural eutrophication, lower productivity is the direct result of
a. fish kills
b. increase in anaerobic bacteria
c. lower level of light penetration needed for photosynthesis by phytoplankton
d. production of hydrogen sulfide by anaerobic bacteria

Back 32

c. lower level of light penetration needed for photosynthesis by phytoplankton

Front 33

In cultural eutrophication, game fish die from
a. acid deposition.
b. suffocation from lack of oxygen.
c. toxic substances in the water.
d. salt.

Back 33

b. suffocation from lack of oxygen.

Front 34

All of the following are methods to prevent cultural eutrophication except
a. banning the use of phosphate detergents.
b. soil conservation.
c. advanced waste treatment.
d. stopping the release of toxic heavy metal pollution.

Back 34

d. stopping the release of toxic heavy metal pollution.

Front 35

Groundwater can be contaminated from
a. abandoned hazardous waste dumps.
b. industrial-waste storage lagoons.
c. deep-well disposal of hazardous wastes.
d. all of these answers

Back 35

d. all of these answers

Front 36

The most effective and cheapest method of protecting groundwater is to
a. pump to surface, clean, and return to aquifer
b. inject microorganisms to clean up contamination
c. pump nanoparticles of inorganic compounds to remove pollutants
d. use methods to prevent contamination in the first place

Back 36

d. use methods to prevent contamination in the first place

Front 37

Effects of coastal water pollution include
a. beach pollution
b. shellfish contamination
c. harmful algal blooms that release waterborne and airborne toxins
c. all of the above

Back 37

c. all of the above

Front 38

Of the following sources of oil in the environment, the one which contributes least is
a. a tanker accident and blowout at offshore drilling rigs.
b. a storage tank leak.
c. normal operation of offshore wells.
d. a pipeline leak.

Back 38

a. a tanker accident and blowout at offshore drilling rigs.

Front 39

The majority of the oil pollution in the ocean comes from
a. blowouts (rupture of a borehole of an oil rig in the ocean).
b. tanker accidents.
c. environmental terrorism.
d. runoff from land.

Back 39

d. runoff from land.

Front 40

The leading nonpoint source of water pollution is
a. municipal landfills.
b. runoff from city streets and storm sewers.
c. agriculture.
d. industrial wastes.

Back 40

c. agriculture.

Front 41

Farmers can sharply reduce fertilizer runoff by
a. using prescribed amounts of fertilizer.
b. planting buffer zones between cultivated fields and surface water.
c. controlling runoff.
d. all of these answers

Back 41

d. all of these answers

Front 42

Farmers can reduce pesticide runoff by
a. applying pesticides only when needed.
b. using biological methods of pest control.
c. using integrated pest management.
d. all of these answers

Back 42

d. all of these answers

Front 43

Livestock growers can control runoff of animal wastes from feedlots and barnyards by
a. increasing animal density.
b. diverting runoff of animal wastes into detention basins.
c. removing buffers between stockyards and surface water.
d. locating feedlots on gently sloping land so rain will naturally clean off the stockyards.

Back 43

b. diverting runoff of animal wastes into detention basins.

Front 44

The Clean Water Act and Water Quality Act attempt to maintain the _____ integrity of U.S. waters.
a. biological
b. chemical
c. physical
d. a and c only
e. all of these answers

Back 44

e. all of these answers

Front 45

Twelve hundred U.S. cities
a. use septic tanks.
b. have separate stormwater and sewer lines.
c. have combined stormwater and sewer lines.
d. use wastewater lagoons.

Back 45

c. have combined stormwater and sewer lines.

Front 46

The Arcata natural sewage system
a. produces fertilizer.
b. serves as a wildlife sanctuary.
c. is a city park and tourist attraction.
d. all of these answers.

Back 46

d. all of these answers

Front 47

Coastal waters can be protected from excess water pollution by
a. encouraging separate sewage and storm runoff lines.
b. using ecological land-use planning.
c. protecting coastal areas from development.
d. all of these answers.

Back 47

d. all of these answers

Front 48

Individuals can help protect water resources by
a. using less harmful household cleaners.
b. using biodegradable dishwashing liquids and detergents.
c. recycling old motor oil.
d. all of these answers

Back 48

d. all of these answers

Front 49

To tap the _____ ____ in an aquifer, wells are dug until they reach the top layer of the aquifer

Back 49

Ground water

Front 50

When a lot of water is pumped from an aquifer, or when there is a dry spell, the ______ _____ sinks lower

Back 50

Water table

Front 51

A ____ ____ ____ relies on unsaturated conditions (materials cannot fully immersed in water), where aerobic bacteria and fungi break down water.

Back 51

Composing toliet systems

Front 52

_____ generally comes from snowmelt and storm runoff and is added to an aquifer

Back 52

Natural recharge

Front 53

A number of technologies have been developed for __________, including reverse osmosis (RO), distillation, electrodialysis, and vacuum freezing.

Back 53

Irrigation

Front 54

If the __________ is not monitored for contaminants or cleaned up when it is contaminated, people will be drinking water that is not good for them

Back 54

desalination

Front 55

Serious water shortages are emerging as the demand for water in many countries simply outruns the supply, forcing people to live in __________.

Back 55

hydrological poverty

Front 56

__________ are diluted sources of pollution that are difficult to diagnose and even more difficult to clean.

Back 56

nonpoint sources

Front 57

Human activities can greatly accelerate __________by increasing the rate at which nutrients and organic substances enter aquatic ecosystems from their surrounding watersheds

Back 57

eutrophication

Front 58

Large quantities of nitrate and phosphate plant nutrients from runoffs can cause __________ that can turn red, brown, or green.

Back 58

harmful algal blooms

Front 59

The __________ supplies massive amounts of water to urban and rural developments in dry climates.

Back 59

groundwater supply

Front 60

__________ keep the price of water so low that users do not worry about water waste.

Back 60

subsidies

Front 61

__________ is very efficient, reduces water waste, and has flexibility

Back 61

Drip irrigation