Bio Test Four

Front 1

What is ecology

Back 1

the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment --which determine distribution of organisms and their abundance

it also reveals the richness of the biosphere

Front 2

organismal ecology

Back 2

studies how an organism's structure, physiology, and behavior meet environmental challenges

Front 3

Population

Back 3

is a group of individuals of the same species living in an area

Front 4

Population ecology

Back 4

focus on factors affecting how many individuals of a species live in an area

Front 5

community

Back 5

a group of populations of different species in an area

Front 6

Community ecology

Back 6

deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community

Front 7

ecosystem

Back 7

is the community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which they interact

Front 8

Ecosystem ecology

Back 8

emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components

Front 9

biosphere

Back 9

is the global ecosystem, the sum of all the planet's ecosystems

Front 10

Global ecology

Back 10

examines the influence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere

Front 11

What kind of science is ecology?

Back 11

A descriptive science (measuring and describing phenomena) and experimental science (controlled manipulation of an experimental environment)

Front 12

Who is Rachel Carson?

Back 12

She warned of oversuse of pesticides such as DDT and started the modern environmental movement

Front 13

Environmental Science ensures...?

Back 13

ensures our health and the health of the environment

Front 14

Biogeography helps what?

Back 14

helps understanding what limits geographic distribution of species

Front 15

What two kinds of factors determine distribution?

Back 15

biotic (living factors) and abiotic (nonliving factors)

Front 16

Dispersal

Back 16

is moviement of individuals away from venters of high population density or from their area of origin

Front 17

What do natural range expansions show?

Back 17

the influence of dispersal on distribution

Front 18

What are Species Transplants?

Back 18

organism that are intentionally or accidentally relocated from their orginal distribution ---they can disrupt the communities or ecosystems to which they have been introduced

Front 19

What can limit Species distribution?

Back 19

Habitat Selection and Behavior

Front 20

What are some biotic factors that affect the distribution of organisms?

Back 20

-Predation
-Competition
-Interactions with other species

Front 21

What are some abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms?

Back 21

-Environmental temperature (has effects of biological processes: cells freeze and rupture below 0 C and proteins denature above 45 C)
-Water availability
-Salt Concentration (affects water balance of organisms through osmosis)
-Light Intensity and quality (affects photosynthesis
-Ultraviolet radiation
-Characteristics of soil (pH, mineral composition, Physical Structure)

Front 22

What are four abiotic components of climate?

Back 22

-Temperature
-Water
-Sunlight
-Wind

Front 23

What constitutes climate?

Back 23

The long-term prevailing weather conditions in an area

Front 24

Macroclimate

Back 24

consists of patternsi on the global, regional, and local level

Front 25

Microclimate

Back 25

consists of very fine patterns, such as those encountered by the community of organisms underneath a fallen log

Front 26

What determines global climate patterns?

Back 26

by solar energy, the planets movement in space, sunlight intensity

Front 27

More heat and light per unit or area reach what?

Back 27

the tropics (near the equator) than higher latitudes

Front 28

Seasonal variations occur more where?

Back 28

areas near the poles

Front 29

Where does wet air flow?

Back 29

from the tropics toward the poles

Front 30

What direction do cooling trade winds blow?

Back 30

east to west in the tropics
west to east in the temperate zones

Front 31

Biomes

Back 31

major ecological associations that occupy broad geographic regions of land or water

Front 32

Photic Zone

Back 32

upper layer of aquatic biome- has sufficient light for photosynthesis

Front 33

Aphotic zone

Back 33

lower layer that recieves little light

Front 34

Benthic zone

Back 34

where organic and inorganic sediment lie at eh bottom of all aquatic zones

Front 35

What are some aquatic biomes

Back 35

-Lakes
-Wetlands
-Steams and Rivers
-Estuaries (area betweem river and sea)

Front 36

Intertidal Zones

Back 36

area that is periodically submerged and exposed by tides

Front 37

Oceanic Pelagic Zone

Back 37

open blue water, covers about 70 percent of Earth's surface

Front 38

Coral Reefs

Back 38

formed from calcium carbonate skeletons of corals

Front 39

Marine Benthic Zone

Back 39

seafloor below the surface waters

Front 40

What are some Terrestrial Biomes?

Back 40

-Tropical Forest
-Desert
-Savanna
-Chaparral
-Temperate Grassland
-Temperate Broadleaf Forest
-Northern Coniferous Forest
-Tundra

Front 41

density and dispersion

Back 41

density is the number of individuals per unit area or volume

dispersion is the patter n of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population

Front 42

clumped, uniform, and random dispersion

Back 42

clumped- random groups( or clumps)

uniform - spread out equally

random - spead out randomly

Front 43

life table and reproductive table

Back 43

life table is age-specific summary of survival patterns of a pop.

reproductive table is summary of the reproductive rates in a a pop.

Front 44

Type I, II, and III survivorship curves

Back 44

I - low death rates during early and middle, but higher in old age

II - constant death rate over the organism's life span

III - high death rates for young, then slower for the survivors

Front 45

semelparity and iteroparity

Back 45

semelaparity - describes those that reproduce once (usually in large numbers) and die

iteroparity 0 describes those that reproduce offspring repeatedly