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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This word...was first used in late 1665 by Robert hook |
Cell |
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Who is anton van leeuwekhoek |
Made simple microscopes, called them besties or animalcules. He was the first to see and describe microorganisms under a microscope |
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Who's is Mathias schleiden |
German botonist That all plants are made up of cells |
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Who is Theodore shwan |
German zoologist Believed animals are made up of cells |
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What is the cell theory? |
All living things come from a cell Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells |
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"Form follows functions" |
A cell function influences its physical features |
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Cell shape |
Each cell has a shape that has evolved to allow the cell to preform its functions. Ex skin cells: flat, plate like shape allows them to serve as covering and protecting barriers Ex nerve cell: messengers ( long extension allow it to send and receive nerve impulsed |
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Prokaryotic cells |
-lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles -smaller simpler -has a cell wall -have ribosomes and cell membrane Ex:eubacteria & archaebacteria |
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Eukaryotic cell |
-has a nucleus and is more larger complex -have a true nucleus &cell membrane Ex: plants, animals, protist, and fungi |
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Levels of organization |
-cell specialization -tissue -organ -organs Various systems work together to form a multicellular organism |
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Who i s Virchow? |
Thought cells come from other cells |
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Plasma membrane |
Regulates what enters and what leaves is -protects and supports -many of the proteins channel and pump to help move material across the membrane -the carbohydrate serves as identification marker to help individual cells |
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Membrane lipids |
Make up a cell membrane -polar- hydropholic Nonpolar-hydrophobic |
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Membrane proteins |
Integral proteins- penetrates all the way through the phospholipids bilayer and contacts both sides Peripheral proteins- are on the surface of the membrane. (Outside or inside the cell) |
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Membrane protein functions |
-transport substances across membrane -serves as enzymes -cell to cell recognition -carbohydrates chain like flags AKA- glycoprotein |
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Passive transport |
-the cell membrane is selectivity permeable or a semipermeable -concentration gradient will move high concentration to low concentration. -the cell membrane move the high to low |
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What does passive transport mean? |
No energy is being used |
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Diffusion |
-spreading out of a molecule from a region of high low concentration to a region of low concentration |
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Active transport |
-Material must sometimes be move against the concentration. -the cell must expand and use energy |
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Phagocytosis |
Is food |
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Pinocytosis |
Using water |
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Exocytosis |
The release of large materials from a cell |
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Osmosis |
The movement of water across a membrane from a region of high to low concentration |
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Isotonic |
The same amount if water going in and out |
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Hypertonic |
More water inside than outside |
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Hypotonic |
More water in the outside than inside |
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Cytolysis |
Too much water...can burst |
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Equilibrium |
Equal on both sides |
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Facilitated diffusion |
-passive transport because if goes from high to low -goes through a lipid bilayer |
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Cytoskeleton |
-web of a protein fiber -cell movement, keeps cell shape and organize |
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Microfilaments |
Long thin fibers made if action -maintain cell shape |
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Microtubules |
Thick hollow fibers made of tubulin -cellular structure |
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Intermediate fiber |
-anchor organelles |
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Nucleus |
The brain cell -controls and messages to/from cytoplasm |
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Nuclear envelope |
Double membrane |
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Nucleolus |
Proteins and rna molecules are constructed here |
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Ribosomes |
Small particles of rna and DNA -assembles proteins according to directions |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
Internal membrane -move proteins other substances through a cell (Smooth- ribosomes free ) (Rough- arranged in sacs with many ribosomes) |
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Golgi apparatus |
Set of flattened membrane bound sacs -enzymes put finishing touches |
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Mitochondria |
Powerhouse of a cell - cellular respiration |
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Lysomes |
They are like vesicles and vacuoles they are from the golgi apparatus -digest of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and damaged organelles |
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Cell wall |
Most outer layer of a cell -exchanges of oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. Provides protection |
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Centrioles |
Small set of micro tubes found in animal cells -aid in cell division |
