Bio Test 4 Digestion System

Front 1

What do carbohydrates contain

Back 1

1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen

Front 2

Why are carbohydrates the main fuel

Back 2

bcs main carbo is starch that is a main product of respiration

Front 3

name the 3 monosacharides

Back 3

1. glucose

2. galactose

3. Fructose

Front 4

name the disaccharides and their equations

Back 4

1. Lactose - glucose + galactose

2. Sucrose - glucose + fructose

3. Maltose - glucose + glucose

Front 5

process where 2 monosaccharides become 1 disc

Back 5

condensataion

Front 6

process where 1 disc becomes 2 mono

Back 6

hydrolysis

Front 7

name the 3 polysaccharides

Back 7

1. Strach

2. glycogen

3. Cellulose

Front 8

3 functions of carbs

Back 8

strcuctural materials

energy source

food stores

Front 9

what is phosphorus good for and where can we get it

Back 9

Making teeth and bones – most foods

Front 10

What is magnesium good for and where can we get it

Back 10

making bones - vegetables

Front 11

what is iron good for and where can we get it

Back 11

Formation of haemoglobin – Spinach

Front 12

what causes rickets and anemia

Back 12

lack of vitamin D lack of iron

Front 13

what does vitamin A help with - what happens if we don’t have it - where can we get it

Back 13

vision - nigh blindness - fish liver oils

Front 14

what does vitamin C help with - what happens if we don’t have it - where can we get it

Back 14

helps with the immune system - scurvy - fruits

Front 15

what does vitamin D help with - what happens if we don’t have it - where can we get it

Back 15

helps bones to absorb calcium - rickets - fish liver oils

Front 16

test for starch

Back 16

- iodine solution

- yellow brown to blue black

Front 17

test for glucose

Back 17

- Benedict solution

- heat using a water bath

- blue to brick red

Front 18

test for protein

Back 18

- biuret test

- clear to purple

Front 19

what are lipids and fats made of

Back 19

3 fatty acids and one glycerol / oxygen, hydrogen and carbon

Front 20

test for lipids

Back 20

- ethanol

- add cold water

- formation of white cloudy layer

Front 21

measuring food content without colorimeter

Back 21

1. Measure food mass

2. Fill the tube with 20cm3 of water

3. Hold the burning food under the boiling tube until it catches fire

4. Allow complete combustion

5. Measure initial and final temp

6. Calc energy content with formula mass of water x temp change x4.2 over mass of food

7. Repeat

Front 22

what enzyme is needed for starch to turn to maltose and where does it come from

Back 22

amylase/pancreas

Front 23

what enzyme is needed for maltose to turn to glucose and where does it come from

Back 23

amylase or maltase/ duodenum

Front 24

what enzyme is needed for protein to turn to peptides and where does it come from (in stomach)

Back 24

Trypsin/pancreas

Front 25

what enzyme is needed for peptides to turn to amino acids and where does it come from

Back 25

peptidase/duodenum

Front 26

what enzyme is needed for lipids to turn to glys+fa and where does it come from

Back 26

lipase/pancreas

Front 27

what happens to carbs not used up in respration

Back 27

they are changed to lipids

Front 28

why are saturated fats difficult to break

Back 28

they have no double bonds

Front 29

how do fats lead to CHD

Back 29

1. Fats build up the artery

2. Narrowing the lummen

3. Less oxygen and glucose in the blood

4. Less aerobic/more anaerobic respiration

5. Buildup of lactic acid

6. Enzymes denature

7. Less contraction of heart muscles = heart decease

Front 30

why are proteins good

Back 30

because we need them for growth and repair

Front 31

what do proteins contain

Back 31

oxygen

hydrogen

nitrogen

sometimes sulphur

Front 32

what are proteins made of

Back 32

amino acids

Front 33

functions of proteins

Back 33

hormons are proteins

haemoglobin is a protein

energy sources

Front 34

what is calcium good for and where can we get it

Back 34

for making teeth and bones - dairy products

Front 35

what does biles do

Back 35

emulsifies lipids from large lipid droplets to smaller lipid droplets

alkaline so creates optimum pH

Front 36

Give one function for iron

Back 36

forms haemoglobin

Front 37

Give one function for dietary fibres

Back 37

avoid constipation help with peristalsis

Front 38

How is the ileum adapted for absorbing substances?

Back 38

1. Villi and microvilli increase surface area

2. Blood capillaries increase concentration gradient

3. Wall is one cell, thick – short difusion distance

4. Lacteal - absorbes fatty acids and glycerol before entering the blood

Front 39

Suggest the health benefits of adding through to sweeten yoghurt

Back 39

no need to add sugar

have vitamins

Front 40

Why salivary amylase in pepsin have different optimum pH values?

Back 40

PH in neutral – PH in the stomach is more acidic due to HCl

Even the twins names with a different pH, they would the nature there for digestion process would be affected

Front 41

Why high concentrations of sugar increase the chances of decay?

Back 41

1. Bacteria in the mouth feed on the sugar to respire

2. And release energy

3. Producing a seat that destroy the tooth enamel

Front 42

Why is it a health risk for children to drink juice with high concentrations of sugar?

Back 42

1. Getting overweigh

2. Has more calories a provided

Front 43

Role of dietary fibre is in the squirrels tired

Back 43

1. indigestible

2. Help with peristalsis

3. Prevent constipation

Front 44

benefits of lipids

Back 44

1. Store of energy

2. Provide insulation

Front 45

How are villi adapted to absorb glucose

Back 45

1. Wall is 1 cell thick

2. Blood capillaries increase conc gradient

3. Microvilli increase SA

4. Mitochondria release energy for active transport

Front 46

why do cows absorb less energy from their food and fish

Back 46

1. Cows eat grass

2. It contains cellulose

3. Which they cant digest

4. So the energy can’ttbe digested

Front 47

what happens to protein in the stomach

Back 47

1. digestion

2. By pepsin

3. activated by HCL

4. Taht create optimum pH2

5. To breakdown proteins into peptides

Front 48

Plants that trap flies – the traps lack of teeth, explain how this might affect the rate of digestion

Back 48

1. No teeth

2. No mech digestion food isn’t broken down to smaller pieces

3. Less SA

4. Enzymes take more time to act

Front 49

The rabbits intestines contain bacteria what is an advantage

Back 49

1. Cellulose is broken down to glucose

2. Can be used for respiration

Front 50

Micro proteins contain a low levels of fat and high levels of protein how does each benefit human diet

Back 50

1. Prevent obisity

2. Buildup of muscles

Front 51

Give one function for vitamin A

Back 51

helps with vision

Front 52

Give one function for vitamin C

Back 52

improves immune system

Front 53

Give one function for vitamin D

Back 53

helps bones absorb calcium

Front 54

Why do we use oxygen in the colorimeter?

Back 54

Ensure complete combustion

Front 55

Why do we need to start the water using the thermometer caloremeter

Back 55

To spread heat evenly

Front 56

Why is the coloremeter tube coiled?

Back 56

Increase surface area, therefore more heat transfer to the water

Front 57

Why does a pregnant woman require more of calcium, Iron, vitamin D and protein

Back 57

1. Foe developing bones foe baby

2. Iron to form haemoglobin

3. Vd - for strong bones

4. Protein - growth and repair