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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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interactions within communities of organisms
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community ecology
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an interaction between species in which one species, the predator, eat the other, the prey
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predation
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a symbiotic relationship in which one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of another, the host, by living either within or on the host
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parasitism
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a symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit
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mutualism
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when populations of two similar species compete for the same limited researches, one population will use the resources more efficiently and have a reproductive advantage that will eventually lead to the elimination of the other population
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competitive exclusion
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all the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction
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community
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a species with substantially higher abundance or biomass than other species in a community.
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dominant species
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a species that is not necessarily abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on community structure by the nature of its ecological role or niche
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keystone species
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type of place where individuals of a species normally live
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habitat
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can occur when resources are in short supple, potential for competition between any two species that need the same limited resource
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interspecific competition
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two species with similar needs for same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place
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competitive exclusion principle
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the sum total of an organism's use of abiotic/biotic resources in the environment;
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ecological niche
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an organism's role in the environment
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niche
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the competitive exclusion principle can be restated to say......
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two species cannot coexist in a comment if their niches are identical
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fundamental niche vs realized niche
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-niche potentially occupied by a species vs niche actually occupied by a species
-determined by competition with other species |
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differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community
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resource partitioning
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three plants in a plowed field how do they all work?
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their roots could be different sizes and so they differ in adaptations
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eats prey
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predator
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animals eat plants
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herbivory
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predatory adaptations
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claws, teeth, poison, speed, agility
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plant defenses?
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chemical toxic compounds
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animal defenses against predators?
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-behavioral=fleeing, hiding, self-defense, etc
-camouflage -mechanical = spines -chemical = odors and toxins -warning coloration=can be associated with toxins -mimicry - |
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cryptic coloration
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camouflage
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warning coloration
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aposematic coloration
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a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful one
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Batesian mimicry
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two or more unpalatable species resemble each other
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Mullerian mimicry
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parasites and pathogens are examples of
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predators
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lives inside the host
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endoparasite
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lives outside the host
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ectoparasites
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disease-causing organisms that can be considered predators
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pathogens
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an organism of one species benefits from its interactions with another; the other species neither benefits nor is harmed
-examples? |
commensalism
epiphytes; barnacles; clownfish and anemones |
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relationship where two species live together in close association, with benefits for both
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mutualism
-one species gets protection, while other gets food, home, or transportation |
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those species in a community that have the highest abundance or highest biomass
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dominant species
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exert an important regulating effect on other species in a community
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keystone species
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type of place where individuals of a given species normally live
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habitat
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