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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the structures in male and female in which meiosis takes place to produce the gametes?
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gonads
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what does meiosis in the gonads produce?
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gametes
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how many chromosomes do the egg & sperm contain?
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23
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what influences sexual behavior and controls growth and functions of the reproductive system?
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hormones and pheromones
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what is the main male hormone?
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testosterone
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what are the main female hormones?
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estrogen & progesterone
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what is the female gamete?
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egg
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what is the egg called before it is actually an egg?
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oocyte
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what are the female gonads?
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2 ovaries
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what is the size of the ovaries?
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about the size of an almond
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what are the cellular clusters inside the ovaries called?
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follicles
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how many follicles are in an ovary when the female is born?
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1 million
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what percent of follicles will absorb in an ovary before puberty?
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85%
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how many follicles will mature over the life of the female?
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400-500
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what cells in the follicle nourish the primary oocyte and later become the zona pellucida?
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granulosa
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when is the oocyte released from the ovary?
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ovulation
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what is the portion of the mature follicle that is left behind in the ovary after ovulation called?
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corpus luteum
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what will catch the oocyte released during ovulation?
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fimbriae
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what are the oviducts called?
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fallopian tubes
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how long does an oocyte live?
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6-24 hours
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what kind of tisse is the oviduct lined with?
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ciliated epithelial tissue
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how long does it take for the oocyte to reach the uterus?
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5 days
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where does fertilization occur?
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in the upper part of the oviduct
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how do we know that fertilization takes place within a day after ovulation?
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the egg dies
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what would happen if the fertilize egg/embryo remains in the oviduct instead of going to the uterus?
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tubular pregnancy
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what is the female uterus shaped like?
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a pear
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what is the inner layer of the uterus called?
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endometrium
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what is the outer layer of the uterus called?
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myometrium
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what causes the uterine lining to build up during the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle?
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estrogen
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what causes the uterine lining to double or triple in size and to remain intact for possible implantation?
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progesterone
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what is the opening to the uterus called?
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cervix
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what is endometriosis?
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when blood moves into the oviduct and out into the body
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what is the pH of a vagina?
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3.4-3.5
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in virgins, what is the partial covering in the opening of the vagina?
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hymen
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what is the term for the female external genitalia?
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vulva
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what does the external genitalia include?
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clitoris, labia minora, labia majora
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females are prone to bladder infections due to a ______
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short urethra
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what are the male gametes?
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sperm
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what are the male gonads?
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testes
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where are sperm produced, matured, and partially stored at?
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testes
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where are the testes located?
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scrotum
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how long does it take to produce mature sperm?
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9-12 weeks
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what are the tubules in the testes that produce sperm & testosterone?
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seminiferous
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how long are the seminiferous tubules?
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600 ft.
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what undergoes meiosis to produce the spermatids/sperm?
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spermatogonia
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what tubes are the sperm matured in & stored until needed?
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epididymis
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what is another name for the ductus deferens?
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vas deferens
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what are long muscular tubes that help store sperm and transport it back into the body cavity?
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vas deferens
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cutting the vas deferens is a form of birth control called?
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vasectomy
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what joins with the vas deferens?
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ejaculatory duct
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what are the secretions of the three accessory glands in a male called?
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semen
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what provides a fructose energy source for ATP production in the mitochondria?
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seminal vesicles
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what provides a 7.5 pH adjuster?
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prostate gland
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what provides secretions that remove traces or urine in the urethra, adds a lubricant for intercourse, and a mucus to prevent desiccation of sperm?
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bulbourethral glands
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what does the urethra pass through?
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penis
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what is the penis composed of?
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erectile tissue
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what is the most sensitive part of a penis?
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glans penis
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what covers the glans penis?
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foreskin
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what is the foreskin removed by?
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circumcision
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how many sperm are released per ejaculation?
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100-300 million
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How long do sperm live for?
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2-5 days
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what are the phases of sexual response?
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excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
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what is a refractory period?
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after intercourse, when a man is not interested in sex and everything goes back to normal
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what does the female menstrual cycle consist of?
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the ovarian cycle & the uterine cycle
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what happens during the ovarian cycle?
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the oocytes mature and are released
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what happens during the uterine cycle?
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prepares the uterus for pregnancy
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what digests a path through the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte?
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acrosome
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what is a single diploid cell called?
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zygote
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what is a special mitosis called that begins immediately to produce 2 cells, 4 cells, then 8 cells
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cleavage
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what is a hollow ball of cells called during mitosis?
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morula
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where does morphogenesis take place?
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blastocyst
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where does the blastocyst implant?
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the uterine lining
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what will give rise to skin, hair, sweat glands, nervous system, eye, inner ear, tooth enamel, and some linings?
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ectoderm
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what produces lining in the digestive, respiratory and urinary systems, and produces pancreas, bladder, certain glands and liver?
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endoderm
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what forms all muscles, the dermis, all connective tissues, kidneys, blood vessels, and reproductive organs?
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mesoderm
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during what stage does the mesoderm form the cells that will become the notochord?
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neurla
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to have a boy, what kind of chromosome must be present?
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Y
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when a zygote begins cleavage, what is is called?
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embryo
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during pregnancy, what is the outer membrane called?
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chorion
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what does the chorion do?
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it attaches to the uterine lining and forms the baby's portion of the placenta.
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what is composed of tissue from the mother and the baby, which will provide nutrition, oxygena and waste removal of the baby?
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placenta
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what forms the first red blood cells for the baby and along with the allantois?
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volk sac
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what forms the umbilical cord, which connects the baby to the placenta?
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allantois
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what is a membrane surrounding the baby, which is filled with fluid called amniotic fluid?
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amnion
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what happens the first week after fertilization as the embryo works its way to the uterus?
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pre-embryonic period
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what is the first 2 months of pregnancy called?
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embryonic period
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what is the baby called during the first 2 months of a pregnancy?
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embryo
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what period consists of the last 7 months of pregnancy?
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fetus
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what are labor pains caused by?
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smooth muscles of the uterus
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what is a thin, yellow, milky, fluid?
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colostrum
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what are organisms that cause disease called?
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pathogens
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what kind of STDs are the most dangerous?
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viral-caused
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what may result in long term problems in the female reproductive system?
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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what does AIDS target?
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T lymphocytes
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what is another name for HPV?
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genital warts
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what is 95% of all cervical cancers linked to?
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HPV
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what is another name for gonorrhea?
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the clap
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what is the most prevalent STD & fastest spreading?
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chlamydia
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