Bio Test 3

Front 1

The human blood group of MN is an example of

Back 1

Co-Dominance

Front 2

Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in seperate, distinguishable ways. Example: Coat color in cattle

Back 2

Co Dominance

Front 3

The phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties

Back 3

Incomplete Dominance

Front 4

When the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical

Back 4

Complete Dominance

Front 5

Spectrum of dominance:

Back 5

Co-dominance, Incomplete Dominance, Complete Dominance

Front 6

A _____________ or _____________ cross is equivalent to two or more independent monohybrid crosses occuring simultaneously

Back 6

Dihybrid, Multicharacter

Front 7

Mendel's Laws of Segregation and independent assortment reflect the rules of ______________.

Back 7

Probability.

Front 8

This states that "Each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation".

Back 8

Laws of Independent assortment

Front 9

Illustrates the inheritance of 2 characters, produces four phenotypes in the F2 generation

Back 9

Dihybrid Cross

Front 10

Tells us how two characters are transmitted from parents to offspring- as a package or independently

Back 10

Law of independent assortment

Front 11

Mendel's second law of inheritance- following two characters at the same time

Back 11

law of independent assortment

Front 12

Crosses an individual with the unknown genotype with an individual that is homozygous recessive for a trait

Back 12

Test Cross

Front 13

To determine the genotype of an organism with the dominant phenotype but unknown genotype

Back 13

Test Cross

Front 14

____________for a particulur gene has a pair of alleles that are different for that gene

Back 14

Heterozygous

Front 15

_________for a particular gene has a pair of identical alleles for that gene. Exhibits true breeding.

Back 15

Homozygous.

Front 16

An organism's genetic makeup

Back 16

Genotype

Front 17

An organism's physical appearance

Back 17

Phenotype

Front 18

____________ __ __________ can be better explained based on the current understanding of chromosome behavior.

Back 18

Law of Segregation

Front 19

A hypothesis to explain the 3:1 inheritance pattern that Mendel observed among the F2 offspring, which has 4 related concepts making up the model

Back 19

Law of segregation

Front 20

4th Law of Segregation

Back 20

Two alleles for a heritable character seperate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Front 21

3rd Law of Segregation

Back 21

If the two alleles at a locus differ, then one, the dominant allele, determines the organism's appearance. The other, the recessive allele, has no noticeable effects on the organism's appearance.

Front 22

2nd Law of Segregation

Back 22

For each one character an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent- two genetic loci

Front 23

1st Law of Segregation

Back 23

Alternative versions of genes- called alleles- account for variations in inherited characters.

Front 24

Mendel developed a hypothesis to explain the 3:1 inheritance pattern that he observed amon F2 offspring.

Back 24

Law of Segregation

Front 25

General finding for Mendel's Pea Plant Experiment in 1857.

Back 25

"When pollen from a white flower fertilizes eggs of a purple flower, the first generation hybrids (F1) all have purple flowers.

Front 26

Alternate forms of genes (fp or fw)

Back 26

Alleles

Front 27

A variant of a character: ex. purple or white flower

Back 27

Trait

Front 28

Genetic unit for character(f)

Back 28

Gene

Front 29

A heritable feature, such as flower color

Back 29

Character

Front 30

Parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes. (The gene idea)

Back 30

Particulate Hypothesis

Front 31

Idea that genetic material contributed by two parents mixes in a manner analougous to the way blue and yellow paint blend to make green.

Back 31

Blending Hypothesis

Front 32

Pea plants were particularly well suited for use in Mendel's experiments because:

Back 32

Peas have an unusually long generation time

Front 33

_________ ____________ is encoded in the DNA and reproduced in all cells of our body

Back 33

Hereditary information

Front 34

The ABO blood group in humans is an example of:

Back 34

Multiple Alleles

Front 35

A plant with purple flowers is allowed to self pollinate. Generation after generation it produces purple

Back 35

True Breeding

Front 36

What is the difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross

Back 36

A monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for a single character, whereas a dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters.

Front 37

A cross between homozygous purple flowered and homozygous white-flowered pea plants results in offspring with purple flowers: This demonstrates:

Back 37

Dominance

Front 38

A 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ration is characteristic of what?

Back 38

Dihybrid cross

Front 39

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. This suggests:

Back 39

That the parents were both heterozygous

Front 40

What is genetic cross between an individual showing a dominant phenotype (but of unknown genotype)and a homozygous recessive individual called?

Back 40

Test Cross

Front 41

What is true of alleles?

Back 41

1. They can be identical or different for any given gene in a somatic cell
2. They can be dominant or recessive
3. They can represent alternative forms of a gene