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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fungi are _____ and _____
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Eukaryotic and heterotrpohic
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Single celled fungi are called _____
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yeasts
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Have _____ in cell wall that gives it support that is also found in arthropods
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chitin
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Obtain nutrients by ____
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absorption; secrete enzyme and do external digestion
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Fungi can be what 3 things?
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–Decomposers
–Parasites –Mutualists |
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Fungi consist of ____ that are networks of branched _____ that are used for _____
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mycelia that are networks of branched HYPHAE that are used for WATER ABSORPTION
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Hypae are divided into cells by _____
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septa that Allows cell-to-cell
movement of organelles |
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Fungi that lack septa are called ______ ______
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coenocytic fungi
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haustoria
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specialized hyphae;
–Penetrate tissues of host –Can be animal or plant |
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Mycorrhizae
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Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
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Fungi are _____ and _____
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Eukaryotic and heterotrpohic
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Single celled fungi are called _____
|
yeasts
|
|
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Have _____ in cell wall that gives it support that is also found in arthropods
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chitin
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|
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Obtain nutrients by ____
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absorption; secrete enzyme and do external digestion
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|
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Fungi can be what 3 things?
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–Decomposers
–Parasites –Mutualists |
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Fungi consist of ____ that are networks of branched _____ that are used for _____
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mycelia that are networks of branched HYPHAE that are used for WATER ABSORPTION
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Hypae are divided into cells by _____
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septa that Allows cell-to-cell
movement of organelles |
|
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Fungi that lack septa are called ______ ______
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coenocytic fungi
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haustoria
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specialized hyphae;
–Penetrate tissues of host –Can be animal or plant |
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Mycorrhizae
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Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
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Ectomycorrhizal fungi
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– Form sheaths of hyphae over a root
– Also grow into extracelllular spaces in root cortex (central part of root) |
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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– Extend hyphae through cell walls of root cells
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Sexual production of spores
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– Requires fusion of hyphae from different mating types
–Mating type signaled through pheromones |
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Plasmogamy
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Fusion of two mycelia
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Karyogamy
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– Fusion of two nuclei
– Produces diploid cells*** |
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Heterokaryon
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Multiple un‐fused haploid nuclei in mycelia
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Dikaryotic
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Two haploid nuclei in mycelia
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Asexual reproduction - molds
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– Produce haploid spores via
mitosis |
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Asexual reproduction - yeasts
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– Asexually reproduce by simple cell division
– Pinching of “bud cells” from a parent cell |
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deuteromycetes
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fungi that completely lack a sexual stage
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Chytrids
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• Found in freshwater and terrestrial habitats
*– Have flagellated spores called zoospores |
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Zygomycetes
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• Includes fast‐growing molds, parasites, symbionts
• Named for sexually produced zygosporangia – Spores resistant to freezing and drying |
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Zygomycetes
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• Has specialized spore
producing structure that focuses light and aims spore |
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Glomeromycetes
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• Form arbuscular mycorrhizae
• 90% of plant species have mutualistic partnerships with glomeromycetes |
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Ascomycetes
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has all the crazy reproduction stuff
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asci
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a sac that produces sexual spores in a ascomycete
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ascocarps
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contain the asci in ascomycetes
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conidia
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asexually reproducing spores in ascomycetes
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conidiophores
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specialized hyphae that produce the conidia in ascomycetes
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Basidiomycetes
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• Includes mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi
*• Phylum defined by clublike diploid stage in life cycle |
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Lichens
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• Symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus
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Three basic growth forms of lichens
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– Crustose
• Very thin thallus, tightly connected to substrate – Foliose • Thicker thallus, loosely connected to substrate – Fruticose • 3‐D thallus, mostly free from substrate |
