Bio Test 2 Glycolysis

Front 1

oxidation

oxidizing agent

Back 1

lose eletrons

oxidizing agent accept electrons and become reduced

Front 2

reduction and reducing agents

Back 2

gain electrons

reducing agents: donate electrons and become oxidized

Front 3

NAD

Back 3

carrier e-s

two forms:
NAD+ and NADH + H+ (reduced_

Front 4

glycolysis operates without O2 T/F

Back 4

false

glycolysis works in presence or absense of O2

Front 5

functions of glycolysis

Back 5

1. almost universl central pathway of glucose catabolism (ex: bacteria, plants, ppl all same)

2. >er form C in pathway: most common degrad of C

3. some cells glucose only source metab E via glycolysis (for brain)

4. one of 1st meta pathwys evolved, is conserved

5. major diff involve pyruvic acid and methods regulation of pathway

7. finished in 1940

Front 6

food glucose C-C -->

NAD (___) -->

Back 6

food glucose C-C --> more oxi

NAD (oxi'd) --> NADH reduced


series of red oxi rxns --> VALUABLE ATP

Front 7

1st couple of rxns of glycolysis ___

Back 7

couple of rxns of glycolysis E consuming, glucose gets more E than before

Front 8

[S] level phorylation

Back 8

make ATP on spot, glycolysis

Front 9

net E calculation: glycolysis

Back 9

2 ATP in ------------= -2 ATP
2 NADH made-------= +4ATP
2 ATP made--------= +4ATP

= 6 ATP/gycolysis turn

every NADH --> 2 ATPs
for NADH to be used --> mitochondria

Front 10

glycolysis process

Back 10

glucose (atp -> ADP)--- glucose 6 Pi---frutcose 6 phosphate (atp -> ADP)---fructose 1,6 biPi

-----dihydroxyacetone phosphate
or
-----3 phosphoglyceraldehyde

----2 of the rest:
----3 phosphoglyceraldehyde (NAD+ --> NADH)----1,3 biPiglyceric Acid (ADP -> atp)----3 Phosphoglyceric glyceric Acid---2 Pi glyceric Acid---phosphoenolpyruvate (ATP -> adp)-----pyruvic acid

Front 11

% E efficiency

Back 11

6 ATP * 8,000 cal
--------------------- X 100
686,000 cal/mol

7% efficiency made available thru glycolysis

what happened to other 93%? NOT IN GLYCOLYSIS

Front 12

phosphoenolpyruvate PEP

Back 12

unstable!

adp --> ATP

Front 13

after fructose 1,6 biphosphate splits into 2,

Back 13

after fructose 1,6 biphosphate splits into 2,
rest of them are 2 molecules

dihydroxyacetone phosphate
3 - phosphoglyceraldehyde

Front 14

number in front

ex: 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde

Back 14

= +ed C @ beta C (first carbon)

Front 15

glucose
////////


_________

Back 15

====glucose====
////////

====pyruvate====
//////////////////
no O2-------- O2
////---------////////
ethanol---acetyl CoA
or lactic----////////
acid--------Krebs cycle

Front 16

pyruvate process

Back 16

pyruvate -- oxidation decaboxylation -- CoA -- pulls off carboxyl group (CO2) -- NAD -- NADH -- Acetyl CoA -- Ctiric acid cycle

-->es 6 ATP

40% efficiency 0=--> O2 makes HUGE difference

Front 17

1 Kreb cycle = ___ ATPs

Back 17

1 Kreb cycle = _12 ATPs

Front 18

complete oxidation of glucose = __ ATP

Back 18

complete oxidation of glucose = 36 ATP

Front 19

pyruvate oxidation occurs in the ___ of the cell

Back 19

pyruvate oxidation occurs in the mitochondria of the cell