Bio Test 2

Front 1

what are the three domains of life

Back 1

bacteria, archaea, & eukarya

Front 2

what is bioremediation used for?

Back 2

use of bacteria to clean up a beach contaminated by an oil spill

Front 3

groups of archaea by habitat

Back 3

halophiles, sulfate reducers, methanogens, & thermophiles

Front 4

halophiles

Back 4

"salt-lovers"

Front 5

sulfate reducers

Back 5

reduce hydrogen sulfide as a by-product of cellular respiration

Front 6

methanogens

Back 6

produce methane as a by-product of cellular respiration

Front 7

thermophiles

Back 7

grow best at temps above 80 degree celsius

Front 8

what are the morphological diversities of bacteria & archaea?

Back 8

size, shape, mobility

Front 9

gram-positive

Back 9

bacteria with an extensive peptidoglycan
- stays blue/purple

Front 10

gram-negative

Back 10

bacteria with some peptidoglycan & an outer membrane
- turns red/pink

Front 11

how do bacteria & archaea produce ATP?

Back 11

phototrophs, chemoorganotrophs, & chemolithotrophs

Front 12

phototrophs

Back 12

bacteria & archaea that use light energy to promote electrons to top of electron transport chain

Front 13

organotrophs

Back 13

bacteria & archaea that oxidize organic material to produce ATP

Front 14

lithotrophs

Back 14

oxidize inorganic material to produce ATP

Front 15

autotrophs

Back 15

bacteria & archaea that synthesize their own carbon-containing compounds

Front 16

heterotrophs

Back 16

bacteria & archaea that aquire carbon-containing compounds from other organisms

Front 17

True or False- Bacteria and Archaea use a wide range of electron donors and acceptors in cellular respiration

Back 17

True

Front 18

What are the 4 main bacterial lineages?

Back 18

firmicutes, spirochaetes, actinobacteria, proteobacteria

Front 19

Firmicutes

Back 19

bacteria that is rod-shaped or spherical
-causes pnemonia & strep throat

Front 20

Spirochaetes

Back 20

bacteria that is corkscrew shaped
-causes lyme disease & syphillis

Front 21

Actinobacteria

Back 21

bacteria shaped as rods, filaments, & form chains
-cause leprosy and tuberculosis

Front 22

Proteobacteria

Back 22

bacteria shaped as rods, spheres, & spirals
- have fruiting bodies
-cause plague, gonorrhea

Front 23

What are the 2 Archaea lineages?

Back 23

Crenarchoaeota and Euryarcheota

Front 24

Crenarchoaeota

Back 24

filaments, rods, discs, spheres
- some extremophiles
-archaea

Front 25

Euryarcheota

Back 25

diverse forms
-live in a diversity of habitats

Front 26

monophyletic group

Back 26

evolutionary unit that contains an ancestor & all of its descedents

Front 27

synapomorphy

Back 27

shared, derived character

Front 28

paraphyletic

Back 28

a group that includes an ancestor and some but not all of the descendents

Front 29

adaptive radiation

Back 29

single lineage produces many descendant species that live in a wide diversity of habitats & find food in a variety of ways

Front 30

Do bacteria have a nuclear envelope?

Back 30

NO

Front 31

Do archaea have a nuclear envelope?

Back 31

NO

Front 32

Do eukarya have nuclear envelopes?

Back 32

yes

Front 33

True or False- Bacteria and Archaea have circular chromosomes

Back 33

True

Front 34

Are bacteria mostly unicellular or mulitcellular?

Back 34

unicellular

Front 35

Are archaea unicellular or multicellular?

Back 35

unicellular

Front 36

Are eukarya unicellular or mulitcellular?

Back 36

mostly multicelluar

Front 37

Where did the membrane-bound nuclear envelope evolve?

Back 37

with the eukaryotes

Front 38

What species are in Eukarya?

Back 38

Protists, Green plants, Fungi, Animals

Front 39

what are the synapomorphies of eukarya?

Back 39

nuclear envelope, nucleus, organelles, & cytoskeleton

Front 40

Where do protists live?

Back 40

in moist areas
- ocean, shallow coastal waters, interidal habitats

Front 41

What causes malaria?

Back 41

the protist Plasmodium

Front 42

Which protist causes the toxic tidal bloom?

Back 42

dinoflagellates

Front 43

The origin of the nuclear envelope was created by what?

Back 43

protists by the infoldings of the plasma membrane

Front 44

endosymbiosis

Back 44

an organism of one species lives within another

Front 45

endosymbiotic theory

Back 45

mitochondria are derived from bacteria
- anaerobic eukaryote engulfs aerobic bacteria, bacteria lives inside cell, & eukaryote provides protection, carbon while bacteria supplies ATP

Front 46

what is the internal support of protists?

Back 46

silicon-containing skeletons

Front 47

what is the external support for protists?

Back 47

test or shell

Front 48

colonial growth

Back 48

cells aggregate but each cell performs the same function
-protists

Front 49

multicellular growth

Back 49

masses of closely interacting cells
- distinct cell or tissue types

Front 50

True or False- Protists are much larager than bacteria and archaea

Back 50

True

Front 51

How do protists gain nutrients?

Back 51

ingestion- filter feeders
(ex Pseudopodia)
- absorption- decomposer, parasite
- photosynthesis

Front 52

what pigments do green protists have?

Back 52

chlorophyll a & b

Front 53

what pigmetns do red protists have?

Back 53

chlorophyll a & phycoerthrins

Front 54

what pigments do brown protists have?

Back 54

chlorophyll a, c, & xanthins

Front 55

what are the 3 modes of protist movement?

Back 55

amoebid motion, swimming with flagellum, swimming with cillae

Front 56

T or F- protists' alternation of generations in which multicellular diploid and haploid can look different or identical

Back 56

TRUE

Front 57

Which is a monophyletic group that includes algae and land plants?

Back 57

Plantae

Front 58

domestication

Back 58

evolution of plants

Front 59

Green plants include...

Back 59

green algae and land plants

Front 60

T or F- seed plants are a monophyletic group

Back 60

true

Front 61

where are simple water conducting cells found

Back 61

fossils and modern-day mosses
-primary wall w/ cellulose

Front 62

where are first vascular tissue found?

Back 62

fossils
- primary wall & some lignin

Front 63

where are tracheids found?

Back 63

all vascular plants
- primary wall, secondary wall w/ lignins, ends with gaps

Front 64

where are vessel elements found?

Back 64

found in gnetophytes and angiosperms
- primary wall, secondary wall, ends w/ gaps thru primary & secondary walls

Front 65

True or False- Water conducting cells are alive at maturity

Back 65

FALSE- they are dead

Front 66

what diseases do fungi cause?

Back 66

atletes foot, ringworm,aspergillosis

Front 67

True or False- both the reproductive structure & mycelium are composed of hyphae

Back 67

True

Front 68

Lichens

Back 68

fungi that grow in association with cyanobacteria or single-celled green algae

Front 69

Mycorrhizae

Back 69

fungi that live in association w/ plant roots

Front 70

EMF

Back 70

ectomycorrhizal fungi form sheaths around roots & penetrate between them

Front 71

AMF

Back 71

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contact the plasma membranes of root cells

Front 72

what kind of gametes do Chytridiomycota have?

Back 72

swimming gametes

Front 73

what kind of gametes do Zygomycota have?

Back 73

hyphae yoke together & form a zygosporangium

Front 74

where do ascomycota form spores?

Back 74

in asci (sacs)

Front 75

True or False- animals are a monophyletic group

Back 75

True

Front 76

three traits of animals

Back 76

1- multicellular
2- heterotrophs
3- move under their own power at some pt in their life cycle

Front 77

4 features of an animal's body plan

Back 77

1- number of embryonic tissue layers
2- type of body symmetry & degree of cephalization
3- presence or absence of a fluid-filled body cavity
4- how the earliest events of embryo development proceed

Front 78

what all animals have

Back 78

epithelium

Front 79

diploblasts

Back 79

animals whose embryos have 2 types of tissues or germ layers
- ectoderm (outside skin)
- endoderm (inside)

Front 80

triploblasts

Back 80

animals whose embryos have 3 types of germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

Front 81

most sponges are...

Back 81

asymmetrical

Front 82

radial symmetry

Back 82

have at least 2 planes of symmetry

Front 83

bilateral symmetry

Back 83

single plane of symmetry & face environment in one direction

Front 84

cephalization

Back 84

development of a head region where structures for feeding, sensing the environment, & processing information

Front 85

kind of symmetry jellyfish have

Back 85

radial

Front 86

hydrostatic skeleton

Back 86

allows soft-bodied animals to move even w/o fins or limbs

Front 87

protostomes

Back 87

arthropods, mollusks, and segmented worms

Front 88

deuterostomes

Back 88

chordates and echinoderms

Front 89

cleavage

Back 89

rapid series of mitotic divisions that occurs in the absence of growth

Front 90

Gastrulation

Back 90

series of cell movements that results in the embryonic tissue layers
- as this proceeds the coelom forms

Front 91

lophotrochozoans

Back 91

molluscs, annelids, & flatworms are examples

Front 92

lophophore

Back 92

specialized structure that rings the mouth of these animals and functions in suspension feeding

Front 93

Trocophores

Back 93

type of larva common to several phyla of lophotrochozoa

Front 94

ecdysozoan

Back 94

roundworms and arthropods are examples

Front 95

how ecdysozoans grow

Back 95

molting- shedding of cuticle or hard exoskeleton

Front 96

hemocoel

Back 96

body cavity of arthropods that provides space for organs & circulation

Front 97

4 phyla of deuterostomes

Back 97

Echinodermata, the Hemichordata, the Xenoturbellida, and the Chordata

Front 98

echniderms

Back 98

spiky deuterostomes
- bilaterally symmetric larvae
- radial symmetric adults
- water vascular system- hydrostatic skeleton
- tube feet
- podia
- endoskeleton- hard supportive part inside the body

Front 99

chordates have 4 morphological features

Back 99

1- pharyngeal gill slits
2- notocord
3- hollow nerve cord
4- muscular anal- tail