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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When is a chromosome duplicated?
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when it is about to divide
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What are chromosomes made of?
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coils of DNA in a protein covering
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What are non-reproductive cells called?
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somatic cells
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How many chromosomes do all sex cells contain?
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23
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How many chromatids are in one pair of chromosomes?
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4
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On average, how long is interphase?
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19 hours
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Why are cancer cells in interphase for a shorter time?
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They reproduce rapidly
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What is the first stage of mitosis?
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Prophase
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What happens in prophase?
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chromosomes form
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What is a homologous chromosome?
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a chromosome found in pairs
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What is unique about a diploid?
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there will be 2 sets of coding in the nucleus
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What are centrioles made of?
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spindle fibers
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What phase is after prophase?
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Metaphase
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What happens during anaphase?
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centrioles split and chromatids become daughter chromosomes
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What happens during telophase?
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new nuclear membranes begin to form and final split of cytoplasm occurs
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What is the final split of the cytoplasm called?
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cytokinesis
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What are characteristics of a somatic cell?
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diploid cell, mitosis production, excludes gametes
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What are the characteristics of a gamete?
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haploid cell, meiosis production, sex cells
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How are X and Y chromosomes exceptions to the general pattern of homologous chromosomes?
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they are not identical because one is from the mother and one from the father
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How is a diploid cell different from a haploid cell?
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2 nuclei, 2 chromosomes, somatic
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How does a zygote form?
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2 haploid cells (sperm and ovum) fuse together to form a diploid cell with a full set of chromosomes
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In the central dogma of biology DNA to DNA is...
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Replication (copying)
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In the central dogma of biology DNA to RNA is...
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transcription
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In the central dogma of biology RNA to protein is...
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translation
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What type of cells to gametes form from?
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germ cells
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What is prokaryotic fission?
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the basis of asexual reproduction in archaea and bacteria only
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What is the constriction where the sister chromatids attach?
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centromere
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What is a centrosome?
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a site where microtubules originate
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In which phase are duplicated chromosomes aligned midway between the spindle poles?
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metaphase
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What is the mechanism that pinches the cytoplasm in two?
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cleavage
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When does cytokinesis usually occur?
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late anaphase - late telophase
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