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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy
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makes matter do things
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2 states of energy
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Potential:stored energy
Kinetic energy:released energy (motion/work) |
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Forms of energy
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-radiant:wave motion(kinetic), electromagnetic spectrum,gamma rays, x-rays, UV rays, visible light, sound waves
-chemical (bond) energy inherit between the bonds of atoms>potential -electrical:flow of charge -nuclear (atomic:energy stored in atomic nuclei |
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Gibbs free energy
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available to do work
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Laws of thermodynamics
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-energy can be neither created nor destroyed. Amount of universal energy remains constant
-energy tends to go towards randomness organized->random potential->kinetic |
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competitive inhibition
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compete with substrate for same active site, displacing a percentage of substrate molecules from the enzymes, noncompetitive inibitors bind to the enzyme in a location other than the active site, changing the shape of the enzyme and making it unable to bind to the substrate.
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allosteric inhibition
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a substance binds to an allosteric site and reduces enzyme activity
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coenzymes
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organic molecule works with an enzyme electron transfer
ex:NADP,NAD,FAD |
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cofactor
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activates enzymes-electrolytes-inorganic
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oxidation
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loss of electons, exergonic, spontaneous (often accompanied by H+)
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reduction
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gaining of electrons, higher energy state
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Photosynthesis
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6CO2+6H2O->C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Light reaction in photosynthesis
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-occurs in thylakoid
-photolysis-H2O->2e- + 2H+ +1/2O2 -NADP->NADPH (12) -ATP Synthase->ATP (18) -only possible b/c of organization in membrane |
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photolysis
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splitting of water
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products of light reaction
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NADPH and ATP
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chemiosmosis
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ability of membrane to seperate charge and couple to make ATP, oxidation-reduction
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Calvin cycle in photosynthesis
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-independant of light
-occurs in stroma -ribulose bi-phosphate is starting point -rubisco is enzyme -G3P is product |
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ribulose bi-phosphate
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most important enzyme that exists because it fixes CO2 into organic molecules
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cellular respiration
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C6H12O6+ 6O2->6CO2 + 6H2O
-glycolysis -intermediate -krebs cycle -electron transport chain |
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Glycolysis
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-occurs in cytosol
-glucose(6C)->2G3P->2 pyruvates -2NAD->2NADH -2 ATP (substrate level phosphorylation) |
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substrate level phosphorylation
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making ATP from phosphates
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products of glycolysis
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2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
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Intermediate step
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-occurs on inner membrane of mitochondria
-2 pyruvate->acetate -2NAD->2NADH -2 CO2 diffuse out of the cell |
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Krebs cycle
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-occurs in matrix of mitochondria
-4 CO2 -2 ATP (substrate level phosphorylation) -6 NADH, 2FAD.2H |
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electron transport chain
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-occurs in inner membrane of mitochondria
-for every 2 electrons that enter ETC from NADH->3ATP. -For every 2 electrons that enter ETC from FAD.2H->2ATP |
