Bio Test #2

Front 1

Plant Organs

Back 1

Stems, leaves, roots

Front 2

Shoot System

Back 2

Stems and leaves

Front 3

Root System

Back 3

Roots

Front 4

Cotyledons

Back 4

Embryonic leaves produced by the hypocotyl. Nutrient rich.
Eudicots have 2 or more while monocots only have 1

Front 5

Radicle

Back 5

Embryonic root. First thing to emerge from a germinating seed

Front 6

Apical Meristems

Back 6

Regions at the root and shoot tips of a plant that contain undifferentiated cells that produce new tissues by cell division.

Front 7

Intermediate Growth

Back 7

Shoot apical meristems continuously produce new stem tissues and leaves grow as long as environmental conditions are favorable.
Growth still limited by genetics of the specific plant

Front 8

Determinate Growth

Back 8

Growth of limited duration. Usually the growth pattern a flower/floral shoot follows.

Front 9

Annuals

Back 9

Plants that die after producing seeds during their first year of life

Front 10

Biennials

Back 10

Plants that do not reproduce within the first year of life but may reproduce within the following year

Front 11

Perennials

Back 11

Trees--plants that live for more than 2 years, often producing seed each year after they reach reproductive maturity

Front 12

Monocot Vs. Eudicot

Back 12

Monocot: one cotyledon, flower petals in multiples of 3, scattered vascular bundles, fibrous/adventitious roots, parallel leaf venation, one pore in pollen

Eudicot: two cotyledons, flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5, vascular bundles arranged in a ring, branched taproot system, netted leaf venation, and 3 pores in pollen

Front 13

How do plants grow and develop?

Back 13

1) Development and maintenance of a characteristic architecture
2) Increase in length by the activity of apical meristems
3) Maintenance of a population of youthful stem cells in meristems
4) expansion of cells in controlled directions by water uptake

Front 14

Two common plant features are what?

Back 14

Apical-basal polarity and radial symmetry

Front 15

Protoderm Meristem

Back 15

Produced by shoot apical meristem and generates the outmost dermal tissue

Front 16

Procambuim Meristem

Back 16

Produced by shoot apical meristem and produces vascular tissue

Front 17

Ground Meristem

Back 17

Produced by shoot apical meristem and gives rise to ground tissues

Front 18

The chemical influences on a plant are more important than the plants cell lineage

Back 18

True

Front 19

Parenchyma Cells

Back 19

Major component of the stem cortex. They store starch in plastids and therefore serve as organic reserves

Front 20

Leaf primordia

Back 20

Small bumps that form at the sides of a SAM and produce young leaves

Front 21

Palisade parenchyma

Back 21

Usually located on the adaxial side and consists of closely packed, elongated cells adapted to absorb the maximum amount of sunlight

Front 22

Spongy parenchyma

Back 22

Usually located on the abaxial side and contains rounder cells separated by air spaces so gases can flow freely.

Front 23

Mesophyll

Back 23

Spongy and palisade parenchyma

Front 24

Adventitious Roots

Back 24

Structures that are produced on the surfaces of stems and sometimes leaves.

Front 25

Because cellulose microfibrils do not extend lengthwise, plant cell walls expand more easily in a direction _____________ to them

Back 25

Perpendicular

Front 26

Trichomes

Back 26

Spiky or hairlike projections made of leaf epidermal cells

Front 27

Herbaceous plants

Back 27

Only produce primary vascular tissue

Front 28

Woody plants

Back 28

Produce both primary and secondary vascular tissues

Front 29

Tracheids and vessel elements make up the ___________ and conduct ___________

Back 29

Primary xylem; water

Front 30

Sieve-tube elements

Back 30

Are arranged in pipelines and make up the phloem

Front 31

Secondary xylem

Back 31

Wood

Front 32

Secondary phloem

Back 32

Inner bark

Front 33

Complete bark

Back 33

Made up of inner bark (secondary phloem) and outer bark (cork)

Front 34

Two types of secondary meristems are ___________ and ___________

Back 34

Vascular cambium and cork cambium

Front 35

Rhizomes

Back 35

stems that grow horizontally underground

Front 36

Water potential of pure water = ?

Back 36

0

Front 37

Dissolved solutes would ______ water potential because?

Back 37

Decrease because of increased entropy

Front 38

Pressure potential

Back 38

Result of hydrostatic pressure of water and is based on the mechanical pressure one cell exerts on the plasma membrane of another cell

Front 39

As water level increases, pressure potential _________

Back 39

increases

Front 40

Halophytes

Back 40

Formed in plants where water supply is limited--salt accumulates in special structures

Front 41

Osmotic adjustment

Back 41

Formed in plants where water supply is limited--increase solute concentration which decreases water potential inside the cell which ultimately keeps water in the cell

Front 42

Statoliths

Back 42

Starch heavy plastids that aid in gravity detection

Front 43

Aerenchyma

Back 43

Tissue containing large snorkel like airways that allow more oxygen to flow from shoots to the submerged roots. Reduce effects of flooding

Front 44

Symplast

Back 44

Continuum of cytosol linked by plasmodesmata

Front 45

Apoplast

Back 45

Continuum of water soaked cell walls and intracellular spaces

Front 46

Casparian Strips

Back 46

Ribbon like strips of wax and phenolic polymers that prevent apoplastic transport through endodermal cell walls