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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the components of a nucleus?
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nuclear envelope
nucleolus chromatin |
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What is contained in the nucleolus?
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protiens and genes for ribosomal RNA to make ribosomes
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Explain chromasomes v. chromatin
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Chromatin: stringy genetic material stretched out in the cell. When cell splits, the chromatin condense and become Chromasomes
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What happens in the Endomembrane system
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lipids are assembles and polypeptide chains are modified
products are sorted out and shipped |
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What are the three components of the Endomembrane system?
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1. ER
2. golgi 3. vesicles |
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Why is the Rough ER "rough"?
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dotted with ribosomes on outside
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What happens in the rough er?
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polypeptide chains enter and are modified
protien synthesis happens here and produces energy |
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Do some ribosomes occur free of the ER?
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yes
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what happens in the smooth er?
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lipids are assembled
makes lipid molecules that become part of the cell membranes |
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what do the golgis do?
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put polypeptide chains together intro protiens
package them for shipment arrvies and leaves the golgi in vessicles |
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where is a lysosome manufactured?
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in the golgi
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what what do lysosomes do?
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they break down stuff and recycle it in the cell (ex: eating a tadpole tail)
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What is the main purpose of the mitochondria?
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energy transformation, ATP producing powerhouses,
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How many membranes do mitochondria have?
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two of opposite charges
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What do chloroplasts do?
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convert sun energy to chemical energy
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What is the structure of a chloroplast like?
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two outer membranes around semifluid interior (stroma)
series of stacked, flattened disks (thylakoid) |
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What is diffusion?
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net movement of like molecules or ions DOWN their concentration gradient, no energy output
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active transport
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from one side of the cell to the other against concentration gradient, requires energy
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osmosis
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diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane toa region where water concentration is lower
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hypotonic solution
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is the solution with fewer solutes
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hyerpertonic solution
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the solution with MORE solutes
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isotomic solutions
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do not show osmotic movement
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do both plants and animals have mitochondria?
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yes
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can energy and matter be "converted"?
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NO, only broken down and reassembled and stuff
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