Bio Subject Test 345 "muscular/skeletal Sys"

Front 1

cartilage

Back 1

connective tissue that is softer and moreflexible than bone

Front 2

bone formation

Back 2

occur by either endochondrial ossification or

intramembranous ossification

Front 3

endochondrial ossification

Back 3

cartilage is replaced by bone
ex. long bone

Front 4

intramembranous ossification

Back 4

mesenchymal(embryonic)undifferentiated connective tissue is transformed to bone

Front 5

bone

Back 5

body support
mineralized connective tissue
total 206 bone in the human body

compact bone and sponge bone

Front 6

compact bone

Back 6

no cavity
made of structure called osteon

each osteon has harvasion canal surrounded by lamellal

Front 7

osteocyte

Back 7

in lacuna which is connected to canaliculs in

Front 8

harvasion cannal

Back 8

central channel in compact bone
blood vessle and nerve가있다

Front 9

Sponge bone

Back 9

consist of interconnected lattice of bony spicules

cavity in btw spicules filled w/ yellow and or read bone marrow

Front 10

Osteoblast

Back 10

build cells
synthezsize and secrete organic constituents of bone matrix

Front 11

osteoclasts

Back 11

break down bone
involve in bone resorption

Front 12

axial skelton

Back 12

skull
-cranium
-face
-auditory ossicle
-hyoid

Thoraic cage
-sternum
-ribs

vertibral column
-vertebral
-sacrum
-coccyx

Front 13

appendicular

Back 13

arms
-humerous
-radious
-ulna
-carpalas
-meta carpal
-phalanges

leg
-femur
-patella
-Tibia, Fibia
-metatarsal
-phalanges

Pectorial girdle

Pelvic bone

Front 14

ligaments

Back 14

serve as bone to bone connector
support and strentheden marable joint

Front 15

tendons

Back 15

attach skeletal muscle to bone and bend the skeletal of the moveable joint

Front 16

Bone marrow

Back 16

red- site for blood formation

yellow-inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue

Front 17

smooth muscle

Back 17

control by autonomous system

lack sarcomeric strafication

myogenic activity

Front 18

cardiac muscle

Back 18

controled by automonic sys

myogtenic activity
-contraction w/o stimulation from nerve cell

Front 19

Skeletal mucle

Back 19

mutinucleated

voluntary movement thus somatic nerve system.

Front 20

skeletal muscle break down

Back 20

sarcomere (contractile unit)
myofibril
fiber
bundle
muscle

Front 21

myofibril

Back 21

filament which makes fiber

enveloped by a modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ion called sarcoplasmic reticulum

has myosin (thick) and actin (thin)

Front 22

I band

Back 22

think filament only (in the middle btw two z line)

Front 23

Z line

Back 23

boundary of single sacomere

Front 24

H band

Back 24

thick only

Front 25

A band

Back 25

thick and thin

Front 26

nuromuscular junction

Back 26

link btw nerve terminal and sacolema of muscle fiber

Front 27

Contraction

Back 27

neurotransmitter (acyticoline)generate acton potential cause sarcoplasmicreticulum to release Ca into sarcoplasma

Ca initate the contract of sacromere.

actin and myson slide pass each other and sacomere contracts

Front 28

purpose of skeletal sys

Back 28

protection and support
movement
maitenance of calcium ion homeostsis
formation of blood cell(in the bone marrow)

Front 29

when c ion concentration of the bloo dec ca is drawn from the (), when thec ion concentration of the blood inc te excess ca is stored in ()

Back 29

the bone

Front 30

bone is

Back 30

hard strong mineralized tissue
contain both organic and inorganic which combine and harden to form hydroxyapatite crystal

Front 31

chondrin

Back 31

make up cartilage

Front 32

long bone (arm and leg) is made through

Back 32

endchondral ossification

Front 33

skull is made throug

Back 33

itramembranous ossifiation

Front 34

axial skeletal

Back 34

skull, vertebral column and rib cage

Front 35

appendicular

Back 35

arm, leg, pectorial, pelvic girdles

Front 36

bone structure

Back 36

epiphysis: sponge (front and back)bone

diaphysis: compac (middle) bone

Front 37

epiphysis

Back 37

made up of sponge bone surrounded by a thin layer of cmpact bone

Front 38

diaphysis

Back 38

made of bone marrow surrounded by the layer of compact bone

Front 39

epiphyseal plate

Back 39

in growing bone, which seperates diaphysis frm epiphysis

longitudinal bone growth

Front 40

periosteum

Back 40

outside covering of the bone
contain blood vessle and callogenus fiber

Front 41

muscle ligaments and tendoms may attach to the () or directly to ()

Back 41

periosteum

compact bone

Front 42

red marrow

Back 42

contains stem cell which form blood and immune cell

Front 43

yellow marrow

Back 43

is use to store fat

Front 44

harverian canals

Back 44

runs along the length of the bone in compact bone

contains blood and lymph vessels, nerve and connective tissue

Front 45

lamellae

Back 45

concentric layers of bony matrix around HC

Front 46

osteon

Back 46

harversian canal + lamellae

Front 47

lucunae

Back 47

space in the lamellae"bony matrix" which house osteocytes

Front 48

osteocyte

Back 48

bone cell located in lucunae (in laellae)

Front 49

canaliculi

Back 49

link lucunae to harversian canal

Front 50

bone marrow are found in?

Back 50

cetral cvities of long bones

Front 51

bone formation

Back 51

inorganic (ca and p) absorbed from the blood

Front 52

bone reabsorption

Back 52

break down Ca P releaed into the blood

Front 53

parathyroid hormone

Back 53

inc plasma calcium level by inc ca release from boe

Front 54

calcitonin

Back 54

lower blood ca level by inhibiting ca release from bone

Front 55

regulate by parathyroid homon

Back 55

osteoblast

Front 56

regulated by calcitonin

Back 56

osteoclast

Front 57

produce collagen which when mineralized forms bone

Back 57

osteoblast

Front 58

involve in bone resorptoin

Back 58

osteoclast

Front 59

3 types of joints

Back 59

immovavle
partly movable
synovial

Front 60

immovable joints

Back 60

joint connects bone that don't move
bone of the skull

Front 61

partly movable joints

Back 61

allow limited flexibility and usually have cartilage btw the bones

joint btw two vetebrae of the spinal column

Front 62

synovial joints

Back 62

allow wie range of movement

lubricated by synovial fluid

hip joint

Front 63

muscle only contract and exten ()

Back 63

passively

Front 64

muscle are found in ()pair

Back 64

antagonistic
ex bicep and tricep
when bicep relex then tricep extend vice versa

Front 65

greatest amt of Ca is detected in where?

Back 65

epiphyseal plate "where growth take place"