Bio Subject Test 345 "endocrine Sys"

Front 1

exocrine system

Back 1

use ducts or glands to secrete hormone

ex. gall bladder

Front 2

endocrine system

Back 2

secrete hormones directly into blood

Front 3

three types of hormone

Back 3

steriod
peptide
amino acid derivative

Front 4

steriod hormone

Back 4

lipid derviative

ex. estrogen,aldosterone,progestron

produced from testes, ovaries, placenta and adrenal cortex

lipid soluble
steroid hormone enter their target cell directly and bind to specific receptor protein in cytoplasm.
(intracellular receptor)

hormone/receptor complex binding to DNA promotes transcription of specific genes

Front 5

steroid Hormone vs peptide hormone

precursor

Back 5

SH: cholestrol

PH: amino acid

Front 6

peptide hormone

Back 6

peptide hormone is first messenger
it binds to a specific receptor on the surface

cyclic AMP act as secondary messenger relaying messages from extracellular peptide hormone to cytoplasmic enzyme

Front 7

steroid Hormone vs peptide hormone

permeability

Back 7

SH: non-polar thus permeable

PH: polar, impermeable

Front 8

steroid Hormone vs peptide hormone

receptor

Back 8

SH: intracelluar receptor

PH: membrane receptor

Front 9

steroid Hormone vs peptide hormone

action

Back 9

SH: relay message by forming DNA receptor complex

PH: relay message by secondary messenger b/c it can't go into membrane

Front 10

steroid Hormone vs peptide hormone

onset

Back 10

SH: long

PH: quick

Front 11

steroid Hormone vs peptide hormone

duration

Back 11

SH: long

PH: short

Front 12

steroid Hormone vs peptide hormone

example

Back 12

SH: testastrone,estrogen

PH: insulin/ADH

Front 13

Hypothalamus

Back 13

part of the forebrain, located above pituary gland

receive neural transmission from other parts of the brain and from peripheral nerve that trigger specific response from its neurosecretory cells

regulate pituary gland secretion via "-" feeback and through action of inhibiting and releasing hormone.

neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus synthesize both oxytocin and ADH and transport them to posterior pituary for storage and secretion.

produce oxytonin ADH which are stored and released by the posterior pituary gland

Front 14

fill in the blank

hypothalamus produce ()hormone that regulatehormone released by the ()

Back 14

1. TRH, GnRH

2. Anterior pituary gland

Front 15

TRH

Back 15

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Front 16

GnRH

Back 16

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

stimulate anterior pituary to secrete FSH and LH

Front 17

hypothalamus produce () and () which are stored and released by the () pituary gland

Back 17

1. oxytocin

2. ADH

Front 18

Anterior Pituary

Back 18

synthesis both direct and tropic hormone

Fsh
Lh
Acth
Tsh

Prolactig
I(ignore)
Growth Hormone

Front 19

Direct hormone

Back 19

directly stimulate target cell

Growth Horomes
Prolactin

Front 20

Growth Horomone

Back 20

stimulate proteinsynthesis and promotes bone growth

Front 21

lact of Growth H.

overproduction of Growth H.

Back 21

in child lack of GH is dwarfism and overproduction is giganism

in adult overproduction is acromegaly, disproportionate growth of bone

Front 22

acromegaly

Back 22

due to overproducton of GH in adult

disproportionate growth of bone

Front 23

Prolactin

Back 23

stimulate the secretion of milk and brest development

Front 24

Tropic Hormone

Back 24

stimulate other endocrine glands to relese hormone

TSH, ACTH, FSH and LH

Front 25

TSH

Back 25

thyroid stimulating hormone

stimulate thyroid gland to synthesize and release thyroid homone including thyroxin

Front 26

ACTH

Back 26

Adrenocorticotropic homone

stimulate adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoid (cortisol) and is regulated by releasing hormone corticotropin releasing factor

Front 27

FSH

Back 27

Follicle stimulating hormone

stimulate growth of ovarian follicle and promotion of sperm in the testies

Front 28

LH

Back 28

luteinizing hormone

cause secretion of female sex hormone by ovaries and male sex hormone by testes

Front 29

menstrual cycle

Back 29

two phase

follicular phase

luteal phase

Front 30

follicular phase

Back 30

cessation of previous flow

FSH is secreted and promotes the development of several ovarian follicles which start secreting ESTROGEN

ESTROGEN cause a build up (vascuralization and gland development) of the ENDOMETRIAL WALL

ESTROGEN shuts off FSH secrfetion through negative fee back

ESTROGEN level continue to rise and cause a surge in LH

Front 31

Luteal phase

Back 31

LH induces the rupture follicle to develop into the CORPUS LUTEUM which secrete ESTROGEN and PROGESTRONE

PROGESTRONE cause the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare the body for implantation

If ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum breaks down and estrogen and progestrone level drop off. Menstruation occur.

Front 32

Thyroid gland

Back 32

located in treachea

release thyroxin and calcitonin

Front 33

thyroxin

Back 33

regulate metabolism and cellular respiration

Front 34

hyperthyrodism vs hypothyroidism

Back 34

hyper- overproduction, result in insomia, fast heart rate, inc BP, sweating, weight loss, protruding eye

hypo-undersecreted, result in obesity and lack of energy, fatigue
in new born baby, cretinsm

Front 35

calcitonin

Back 35

inhibits the release of calcium ion in the bone

Front 36

Parathyoid gland

Back 36

4 small pea shaped embadded in the thyroid

release Parathyroid hormone

Front 37

paratyroid hormone

Back 37

cause inc in blood calcium level

Front 38

Adrenal cortex

Back 38

adreanal gland located topof the kidneys

stimulate by stress and ACTH

produce steroid hormon
-Glucocorticoids
-Mineralocorticoids
-Cortisol Sex hormone

Front 39

Glucocorticoids
ex. cortisol

Back 39

steroid hormone

1. promotes formation of glucose from protein and fat (gluconeogensis)
2. decrease glucose utilizaztion
3.supresses inflamatory response

Front 40

Mineralcorticoids
ex. aldosterone

Back 40

steroid hormone

1. inc sodium reabsorption by kidney and inc potassium excretion by turning on Na.K pump

2. cause active reabsorption of sodium and passive reabsorption of water in nephron thus raise blood volume and pressure

Front 41

Adrenal Medulla

Back 41

release

adrenaline/epinephrine

they are class of amino acid derive and also neurotransmitter

Front 42

Adrenaline/epnephrine

Back 42

regulate flight or fight response by inc the metabolic rate, heart rate, blood pressure, the glucose concentration in the blood and blood

dec blood supply to kidney, skin and digestive system.

Front 43

Pancreas

Back 43

both endocrine and exocrine

**Endocrine function**
function by Islets of Langerhans, contain alpha and beta cells

alpha cell secretes Glucogon

Beta cell secretes Insulin

**Exocrine Function**
by the cell that secretes digestive enzyme (pancreatic juice) to small intestine via series of ducts

Front 44

Insulin

Back 44

from pancreas

stimulate cell to remove glucose frmo blood and lower blood sugar

Front 45

Glucagon

Back 45

from pancreas

respond to low blood sugar level

stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose in order to raise sugar levels in the blood

Front 46

Calcium level in blood

Back 46

PTH increase Ca

Calcitoin dec Ca

Front 47

Glucose level in blood

Back 47

Insulin dec plasma glucose

Glucagon, glucorticoid and epineprhine inc plasma glucose

Front 48

Epinephrine and glucose

Back 48

convert

glycogen to glucose

Front 49

glucogon and glucose

Back 49

convert

glycogen to glucose

Front 50

Glucocorticoid (cortisol) and glucose

Back 50

convert
from noncarbohydrates like protein and fasts to glucose
this is known as gluconeogensis

Front 51

gluconeogensis

Back 51

from protein and fats to glucose

Front 52

auxin

Back 52

plant hormone

growth pattern (phototropism)

Front 53

giberillins

Back 53

plant hormone

rapid stem elongation

Front 54

Kinins

Back 54

plant hormone

cell division

Front 55

Ethylene

Back 55

plant hormone

fruit ripening