Bio Study Questions (1St Test)

Front 1

This element is in diamonds and soot

Back 1

carbon

Front 2

anything that has mass and occupies space is ____________

Back 2

matter

Front 3

what is order?

Back 3

the complex arrangement of atoms and the interactions among molecules

Front 4

one of the fundamental "kinds" of matter, cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means.

Back 4

element

Front 5

a fundamental unit of matter, each element has its own unique type

Back 5

atom

Front 6

carbon forms _____ bonds to become stable.

Back 6

four

Front 7

a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a FIXED RATIO

Back 7

compound

Front 8

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Back 8

molecule

Front 9

true/false: a molecule can be composed of two or more of the SAME OR DIFFERENT atoms

Back 9

true

Front 10

Diversity of matter is not due to the number of elements but instead______________________

Back 10

the virtually infinite ways of arranging them

Front 11

True/False: the properties of compounds are different from the properties of elements that compose them.

Back 11

True

Front 12

Atomic # of Hydrogen

Back 12

1

Front 13

Atomic # of Carbon

Back 13

6

Front 14

Atomic number of Nitrogen

Back 14

7

Front 15

Atomic # of oxygen

Back 15

8

Front 16

Atomic # of phosphorus

Back 16

15

Front 17

Atomic # of Sulfur

Back 17

16

Front 18

What are the 6 elements that compose 99% of all biomolecules?

Back 18

SPONCH-
Sulfur,phosphorous, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen

Front 19

The number of protons in an atom is...

Back 19

the atomic number

Front 20

distinct amounds of energy for electrons which keep them at relative distances from the nucleus

Back 20

shells.

Front 21

a bond in which a 2 electrons are chared by two atoms

Back 21

covalent bond

Front 22

__________ are the most important for determining bonding properties

Back 22

electrons

Front 23

_______ shells must be full before electrons can exist in more distant shells.

Back 23

closer

Front 24

_______ electrons are the only electrons that interact to form bonds

Back 24

unpaired valence electrons

Front 25

this element is the framework for all biomolecules

Back 25

carbon

Front 26

What is the smallest element that can form 4 bonds?

Back 26

Carbon

Front 27

Nitrogen forms _____ bonds to become stable

Back 27

3

Front 28

Hydrogen forms ____ chemical bond to become stable

Back 28

1

Front 29

The simplest and most abundant element is __________

Back 29

Hydrogen

Front 30

Oxygen forms ___ bonds to become stable.

Back 30

2

Front 31

True/False: oxygen is about 65% of your weight

Back 31

true (water molecules)

Front 32

oxygen is about ___ percent of the atmosphere

Back 32

21%

Front 33

Sulphur forms ___ bonds to become stable

Back 33

2

Front 34

which element doesnt play by the bonding rules?

Back 34

Phosphorus

Front 35

Unity lies in the _____________ levels of organization

Back 35

lower

Front 36

What are emergent properties?

Back 36

properties that appear at a certain level because of the specific arrangement/interaction of the parts on the levels below.

Front 37

At what level does the property of being "alive" emerge?

Back 37

cell

Front 38

what are the seven attributes of life?

Back 38

order
reproduction
development
energy utilization
response to the enviornment
homeostasis
evolutionary adaption

Front 39

What is the cell theory?

Back 39

All living things are made of cells.
Cells arise only by the division of already existing cells.

Front 40

What are the two types of cell architecture?

Back 40

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Front 41

what are the three main differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?

Back 41

Prokaryotic- bacteria and archea
nucleus lacks membrane
no membranous organelles

Front 42

what are cells commonly measured in?

Back 42

micrometers

Front 43

micrometers are _______ of a millimeter

Back 43

1/1000

Front 44

1/1000 of a micrometer is a

Back 44

nanometer

Front 45

nanometers are good for measuring ______

Back 45

organelles

Front 46

Why are cells so small? (2 main points)

Back 46

when things get bigger, the surface to volume ratio decreases.
- if something in the middle of the cell had to get out, would take too long, surface:volume ratio needs to be high.

Front 47

What are the two ways we study cells? (since theyre so small)

Back 47

Fractionation
Microscopy

Front 48

Instrument used for fractionation

Back 48

centrifuge

Front 49

What is resolution?

Back 49

The clarity of an image, the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be considered two points

Front 50

Electron microscopes use __________________ rather than light

Back 50

a beam of electrons

Front 51

Electron microscops focus using ________________ rather than _________

Back 51

electromagnetic "lenses"
glass

Front 52

electron microscopes have detection via _____________________________________

Back 52

conversion of the "electon shadow" to a visible image

Front 53

what are three disadvantages of electron microscopes?

Back 53

-material cannot be alive;no motion
-no color
-expensive

Front 54

what is the main advantage of electron microscopes?

Back 54

greatly improved resolution

Front 55

(True/False) The molecules making up cells and their parts contain the same types of atoms found in the non-living world and obey the same chemical laws.

Back 55

True

Front 56

The difference between living and non living systems is...

Back 56

order

Front 57

a compound containing ionic bonds is a

Back 57

salt

Front 58

what is the most common element by weight in dehydrated cells?

Back 58

carbon

Front 59

an atom or molecule with a net charge is

Back 59

an ion

Front 60

Atoms become charged by...

Back 60

losing of gaining electrons

Front 61

an electrical attraction holding oppositely charged ions together is an...

Back 61

ionic bond

Front 62

True/False: ionic bonds have to form at the same time atoms ionize.

Back 62

false

Front 63

an atoms gain or loss of electron/s is

Back 63

ionization

Front 64

salts exist in the structure of

Back 64

crystals

Front 65

these salt crystals have a definite _______ but not definite _________

Back 65

ratio, size

Front 66

a covalent molecule with a net charge is a

Back 66

complex ion

Front 67

Complex ions often form when ________________

Back 67

molecules gain or lose hydrogen ions.

Front 68

when a hydrogen dissociates, it leaves its __________ behind

Back 68

electron

Front 69

Hydrogen bonds are (continuously changing/unchanging) bonds

Back 69

continuously changing

Front 70

True/False: complex bonds can bond ionically to form salts.

Back 70

true

Front 71

True/False: A large molecule can contain ionized groups, both + and -

Back 71

true

Front 72

true/false: ionic bonds cannot bond within or between molecules

Back 72

false

Front 73

ionic bonding within and between molecules _______________ and ___________

Back 73

stabilizes shape, allows interactions

Front 74

covalent bonds in which the electrons are shared unequally between atons with different electronegativity.

Back 74

polar covalent bonds

Front 75

the strength with which an aton holds electrons in a covalent bond

Back 75

electronegativity

Front 76

Because electrons tend to stay nearer to the atom with greater electronegativity, that end of the bond has a slight _______________

Back 76

negative character

Front 77

Which atom has greater electronegativity?
Carbon and Hydrogen

Back 77

neither, it is equal (it is a polar covalent bond)

Front 78

Which atom has greater electronegativity?
Oxygen and Hydrogen

Back 78

Oxygen

Front 79

Which atom has greater electronegativity?
Sulfur and Hydrogen

Back 79

Sulfur

Front 80

Which atom has greater electronegativity?
Nitrogen and hydrogen

Back 80

Nitrogen

Front 81

A molecule containing significant "charge separation" due to one or more polar bonds is...

Back 81

a polar molecule