Bio Section 3

Front 1

Polymer

Back 1

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked toegether.

Front 2

Monomer

Back 2

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.

Front 3

Polypeptide

Back 3

A polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Front 4

Condensation reaction

Back 4

A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water, in which case it is also called a dehydration reaction.

Front 5

Protein

Back 5

A functional biological molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and colied into a specific three-dimentional structure.

Front 6

Dehydration

Back 6

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

Front 7

Amino acid

Back 7

AN organic moleclue possessing both carbozly and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomoers f polypeptides

Front 8

Hydrolysis

Back 8

A chemical porcess taht lyses molecules y teh additoin of water, functioning in disassembly of polymers to monomers.

Front 9

Alpha carbon

Back 9

The carbon at the center of an amino acid.

Front 10

Peptide bond

Back 10

The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction.

Front 11

Beta (β) sheet

Back 11

One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain fold back and forth. Two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held tegether by hydrogen bonds.

Front 12

Alpha (α) helix

Back 12

A sprial shape consituting one form of the secondary struction of proteins, arising from a specific pattern of hydrogen bonding.

Front 13

Amino terminal end (N terminus)

Back 13

The end of a polypeptide with the amino acid

Front 14

Tertiary structure

Back 14

Irregular contortions of a protein moleclue due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges.

Front 15

Carboxyl terminal end (C terminus)

Back 15

The end of a polypeptide with the carboxyl group

Front 16

Quaternary structure

Back 16

Th particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by teh characteristic three-dementional arrangement of its constitunent subunits, each a polypeptide.

Front 17

Primary structure

Back 17

The level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids.

Front 18

Methionine

Back 18

a nonpolar amino acid

Front 19

Secondary structure

Back 19

The localized, repetititve coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between constituents of the backbone.

Front 20

Dimer

Back 20

A molecule made up of two subunits

Front 21

Receptor protein

Back 21

Protein molecules that assist in the response of cell to chemical stimuli

Front 22

Contractile protein

Back 22

Protein molecules that assist in movement

Front 23

Storage protein

Back 23

Protein molecules that assist in the storage of amino acids

Front 24

Prosthetic group

Back 24

nonprotein components essential for teh catalytic functions of certain enzymes.

Front 25

Transport protein

Back 25

Protein molecules that assist in the transport of other substances

Front 26

Structural protein

Back 26

Protein molecules that assist in the support

Front 27

Hormonal protein

Back 27

Protein molecules that assist in the coordination of an organism's activities

Front 28

Chaperon proteins

Back 28

Protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins

Front 29

Beta globin

Back 29

The oxygen-carrying protein

Front 30

chaperonin

Back 30

A protein molecule that assists in teh proper folding of other proteins

Front 31

Receptor protein

Back 31

Protein molecules that assist in the response of cell to chemical stimuli

Front 32

Contractile protein

Back 32

Protein molecules that assist in movement

Front 33

Storage protein

Back 33

Protein molecules that assist in the storage of amino acids

Front 34

Prosthetic group

Back 34

nonprotein components essential for teh catalytic functions of certain enzymes.

Front 35

Transport protein

Back 35

Protein molecules that assist in the transport of other substances

Front 36

Structural protein

Back 36

Protein molecules that assist in the support

Front 37

Hormonal protein

Back 37

Protein molecules that assist in the coordination of an organism's activities

Front 38

Chaperon proteins

Back 38

Protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins

Front 39

Beta globin

Back 39

The oxygen-carrying protein

Front 40

chaperonin

Back 40

A protein molecule that assists in teh proper folding of other proteins