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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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covalent bonds
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A type of strong chemicl bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
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polar covalent bond
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A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electonegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.
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hydration shell
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The sphee of water molecules around a dissolved ion.
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nonpolar covalent bond
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A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.
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Phosphorylation
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The process of covalently bonding a phosphate group to a molecule.
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ionic bonds
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A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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Dephosphorylation
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The process of removing a phosphate group from a molecule.
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hydrogen bonds
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A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
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Methyl group
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A carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms attatched to a carbon or a different atom.
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Van der Waals interaction
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Weak attractions between molecules or part of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations.
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Tetrahedron
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The shape CH4 takes. With bond angles of 109.5 degrees.
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hydrocarbon
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An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
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Enantiomer
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One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other
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Structural isomer
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One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the convalent arrangements of their atoms.
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Asymmetric carbon
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The middle carbon with four different atoms or groups of atoms attatched to it.
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Geometric isomer
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One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent arrangements but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds.
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Functional group
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A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of prganic molecules and usually involved in chemcial reactions.
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Cis isomer
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An isomer in which the carbon's substituants are both on the same plane
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Hydroxyl
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A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
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Trans isomer
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An isomer in which the carbon's substituants are on different planes
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Carbonyl
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A chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and conisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
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Carboxyl
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A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon ato double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group
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Amino
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A chemical group consisting ofa nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act asa bse n solution, accepting a hydrogn ion nd acquiring a charge of 1+
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Sulfhydryl
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A chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
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Phosphate
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A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.
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