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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolic pathways that require oxygen?
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Aerobic
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What macromolecules can be broken to produce ATP?
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carbs, lipids, and proteins
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Why would animal muscle cells have more mitochodria?
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Using energy more
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Thick fluid in chloroplast?
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stroma
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Final acceptor for electrons at the end of chain?
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ATP synthase
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Main biological chemical function of ETC?
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To produce ATP
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Equation for photosynthesis?
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CO2+H20+sunlight = C6H12O6+O2
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Equation for cellular respiration?
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C6H12O6+O2 = CO2+H20
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What structure allows CO2 into plant?
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stomata
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What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
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Cellular respiration reactants are glucose and oxygen, products are carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis reactants are carbon dioxide and water, products are glucose and oxygen.
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Addition of a phosphate group
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phosphorylation
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loses a carbon dioxide molecule
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decarboxylated
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a structure in animal cells that helps anchor for microtubules during cell division
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centriole
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region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are attached and to which microtubules bind
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centromere
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Trapping of this warmth radiating from the Earth is known as?
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Greenhouse Effect
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Stage where DNA is replicated?
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interphase
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stay in one place and have no apparent effect on surrounding tissue
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benign
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invasive and are cancers
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malignant
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is an asexual division that produces daughter cells that are exact copies of the parent cell
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mitosis
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form of cell division that occurs only in specialized cells within the gonads, or sex organs
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meiosis
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alternate versions of the same gene produced by mutation
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allele
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Two things that increase genetic diversity?
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1. Random alignment
2. Crossing over |
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stoppage during cell division that occurs to verify that division is proceeding correctly
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checkpoint
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using chemicals to try to kill rapidly dividing (cancerous) cells
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chemotherapy
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Correct order of cell cycle events in mitosis?
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1. Interphase: when DNA replicates
2 Mitosis: when the copie chromosomes move into the daughter nuclei 3. Cytokinesis: when the cytoplasm of the parent cell splits |
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mass of tissue that has no apparent function in the body
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tumor
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Correct order of mitosis events.
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1. Interphase
2. Prophase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase 6. Cytokinesis |
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cells containing only one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes
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haploid
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a measure of the intensity of heat or kinetic energy
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temperature
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A cell containing homologous pairs of chromosomes
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diploid
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3 phases of Interphase?
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1. G1
2. S 3. G2 |
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What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process?
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G, Krebs, and ETC
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Where in the cell does the glycolysis part of cellular respiration occur?
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Cytosol
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Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle part of cellular respiration occur?
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Mitochondrial Matrix
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Where in the cell does the electron transport part of cellular respiration occur?
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Intermembrane Matrix
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How many ATP are made in the glycolysis part of cellular respiration?
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2
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How many ATP are made in the Kreb's Cycle part of cellular respiration?
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None
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How many ATP are made in the Electron Transport part of cellular respiration?
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34
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In which phase of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide made?
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ETC
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In which part of cellular respiration is water made?
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ETC
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In which phase of cellular respiration is oxygen a substrate?
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ETC
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In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose a substrate?
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Glycolysis
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On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the electron transport process?
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3
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On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH2 during the electron transport process?
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2
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What would happen to the cellular respiration process if the enzyme for one step of the process was missing or defective?
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It would stop
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