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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is homeostasis?
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The process by which organisms keep their conditions relatively stable.
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Biosphere
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Contains all other levels of life
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When is a hypthesis useful?
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When it can be tested.
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Controlled experiment
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Tests the effect of a single variable.
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Natural Selection
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Works by selecting certain inherited traits that increase one's likelihood of survival.
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Evidence
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Consists of a collected body of data from observations and experiments.
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What are the 3 domains of life?
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Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
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What are prokaryotic cells?
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Cells that lack nuclei.
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What are prokaryotic cells?
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Cells that lack nuclei.
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What are the levels of organization in order from smallest to largest?
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Cells, tissue, organ, organ system.
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What is a compound?
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Substance that is formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
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What are isotopes?
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Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons.
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What happens when an atoms loses electrons?
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A positive ion forms.
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What happens in chemical reactions?
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Atoms are rearranged.
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How is a covalent bond formed?
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As a result of sharing an electron pair.
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Why are water molecules polar?
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The oxygen side is slightly negative and the hydrogen side is slightly positive.
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What determines how an atom reacts?
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Electrons in the hightest energy level of an atom.
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What are the four most common elements in living things?
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Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
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What is an ionic bond?
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A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons.
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What are the two main types of chemical bonds?
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Covalent and ionic.
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What are plasma membranes made of and what do they contain?
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They are made of proteins, and they contain channels that move materials across.
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What does osmosis do?
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Osmosis causes water to move into the cell.
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What does a lysosome do?
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Breaks molecules down.
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What is the path of a protein?
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A protein goes through the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then the gogli apparatus, and then is released from the cell.
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What does a mitochondrion do?
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Releases energy from sugars and other molecules.
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What does the plasma membrane do?
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Regulates which materials enter and leave the cell.
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What is diffusion?
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The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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What does active transport require?
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The inpur of energy from the cell.
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What does a ribosome do?
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A ribosome makes proteins using instructions from the nucleus.
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What does a ribosome do?
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A ribosome makes proteins using instructions from the nucleus.
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What does a ribosome do?
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A ribosome makes proteins using instructions from the nucleus.
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What is a nuclear envelope?
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A pair of membranes that surrounds the nucleus.
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What is a nuclear envelope?
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A pair of membranes that surrounds the nucleus.
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What is a central vacuole?
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A membrane bound sac that stores chemicals and contributes to plant growth.
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What is the difference between the SER and the RER?
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Unlike SER, the RER has ribosomes attached to it.
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What are flagella?
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Long, hairlike structures that move in an s-shaped pattern.
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What are cilia?
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Short and move in a back-and-forth pattern.
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What are cilia?
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Short and move in a back-and-forth pattern.
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What are cilia?
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Short and move in a back-and-forth pattern.
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Why are cells so small?
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Because the surface area needs to be larger than the volume in ratio. This way the cell can gain nutrients.
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When is energy released from ATP?
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When a phosphate group is removed.
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What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?
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6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP >>> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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How does photosynthesis work?
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It uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugars.
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What is the pathway of the flow of electrons in photosynthesis?
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H20 > NADPH > Calvin Cycle
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Where do the light reactions take place?
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In the thylakoid membranes.
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What is ATP?
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One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy.
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What is fermentation?
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It can be used to release energy even in the absence of oxygen.
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What is cellular respiration?
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It uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy in organic molecules into ATP.
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What is the carbon cycle?
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The process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compunds and back.
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What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
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Kinetic energy is the energy given off when an object is in motion, while potential energy is the energy given off while an object is still.
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What happens in the conversion of ADP to ATP?
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Hydrogen ions are pumped across.
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What happens in the conversion of ADP to ATP?
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Hydrogen ions are pumped across.
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What is alcoholic fermentation used for?
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To make bread rise.
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Why is cellular respiration called an aerobic proccess?
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It requires oxygen.
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What does lactic acid fermentation cause?
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Muscle soreness and fatigue.
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What are the three steps of cellular respiration and where are each located?
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Glycolysis-Cytoplasm, Krebs Cycle-Matrix, ETP-Inner membranes.
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What are the three steps of cellular respiration and where are each located?
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Glycolysis-Cytoplasm, Krebs Cycle-Matrix, ETP-Inner membranes.
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What are the three steps of cellular respiration and where are each located?
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Glycolysis-Cytoplasm, Krebs Cycle-Matrix, ETP-Inner membranes.
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What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
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6CO2 + 6H2O >>> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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What are the three things that can happen to light?
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It can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted.
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