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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is semelparity |
Big-bang reproduction, Reproduce once then die, unpredictable environments |
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What is iteroperity |
Repeated reproduction, dependable environments |
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Metapopulations |
Groups of populations of the same species linked by immigration and emigration. High levels of immigration+high survival = stability in population |
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Difference between a population, community and an ecosystem |
Population= same species in an area Community= all biotic factors interacting in an area Ecosystem= all biotic and abiotic factors interacting in a community |
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Resource partitioning |
Divide area and one species gets one place and the other species gets another close by |
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Difference between mullerian and batesian mimicry |
Batesian= 1 harmful 1 not Mullerian= both harmful |
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Why is species diversity important |
Greater stability, more food sources, more habitats, resilience in face of environmental change |
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Species richness vs species abundance |
Species richness= # of different species species abundance= #of individuals per species |
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Keystone species vs dominant species |
Keystone species= most influential dominant species= largest population |
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Foundation species |
Provides energy for other species. Photosynthesis! Generally producers |
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What do new plants change throughout ecological succession |
Soil pH, soil fertility, light levels |
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Describe both types of autotrophs |
Photosynthetic-use photosynthesis (pants algae & prokaryotes) and chemosynthetic- change non organic compounds (chemicals) into energy |
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What are the trophic levels |
Primary producers, primary consumers(herbivores), secondary consumers(carnivores), tertiary consumers (carnivores that feed on carnivores) |
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Detrivores |
Allowed nutrients to go back into the chemical cycle, get energy from nonliving matter, connect to all trophic levels |
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Gross vs net primary production |
Gross=total energy, net=energy left over (determine size and diversity of ecosystem) |
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Limiting nutrient |
An element that must be added to increase production - NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN MARINES! |
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Eutrophication |
Massive increase in algae |
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Trophic efficiency % |
10% is transferred |
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Importance of water cycle |
Influences rates of ecosystem processes (primary production and decomposition) |
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2 ways water gets back into atmosphere |
Transpiration, evaporation |
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Photosynthesis |
CO²+water=glucose+water+oxygen |
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Cellular respiration |
Glucose+oxygen=water+co²+energy (ATP) |
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Conservation vs restoration biology |
Conservation-keep as is restoration- improve |
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Genetic diversity |
# of DNA choices, let's species evolve |
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Ecosystem diversity |
Different types of habitat, allows more species to live, population increases |
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Why is overexploitation bad |
Reduces genetic diversity |
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Bioremediation vs biology augmentation |
Bioremediation- detoxify using organisms biology augmentation= add a desirable organism to accelerate recovery |
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What are the 3 types of diversity |
Genetic, species, ecosystem |
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What are 4 kinds of communication |
Tactile, visual, chemical, auditory |
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Why are exponential growths important |
Gives insight into the conditions that facilitate growth and understand the species capacity to increasea |
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What are 4 factors that contribute to the carrying capacity |
Food availability, water supply, environment conditions, living space, predation |
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What effects density dependent birth and death rates |
Disease, territory, toxic waste and predation |
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Defense mechanisms in plants |
Spikes, thorns, poison, chemical |
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What is biomass |
Total mass of all individuals in a trophic level |
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What causes phytoplankton growth |
Additional nitrates and phosphates caused by sewage runoff and pollution |
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Why do certain aquatic ecosystems have an inverted biomass pyramid |
Producers are consumed so quickly they never develop a large population size |
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What is the key problem in small populations |
Lack of genetic variation |
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How do pioneer species change environments so that other plants can grow there? |
Creates soil by the breakdown of rocks and accumulation of organic matter |
