Bio Psych Exam 3

Front 1

Totipotential

Back 1

Stem cells can become anything

Front 2

neural plate turns into the neural tube

Back 2

Occurs at about 3 weeks gestation. Will become the brain and spinal cord.

Front 3

Glial cells

Back 3

Stem cells travel along

Front 4

Axons are guided by

Back 4

guidepost cells and target cells

Front 5

guidepost cells

Back 5

release chemicals which attract or repel axons

Front 6

target cells

Back 6

guide axons in place, and give them neurotropins

Front 7

Neurotropins

Back 7

promote neuron activity and stop apoptosis

Front 8

growth cone

Back 8

Outgrowth of an axon as it is trying to find it's place.

Front 9

Synaptogenesis

Back 9

Axons travel to a target cell to create a new synapse.

Front 10

Neural darwinism

Back 10

The process of apoptosis. Use it or loose it.

Front 11

Critical/sensitive periods

Back 11

Periods when certain types of activities have great affect on the brain, such as printing and language.

Front 12

Excessive pruning

Back 12

Can be caused by insufficient stimulation, and in extreme cases cause retardation.

Front 13

universal linguists

Back 13

Children are at a young age. Means they can hear all language sounds, when adults can only here sounds made in their language.

Front 14

Wernicke's
Critical for?

Back 14

Critical for understanding language.

Front 15

Wernicke's
Located?

Back 15

Temporal lobes

Front 16

Wernicke's disfunction

Back 16

Receptive aphasia, like word salads

Front 17

Wernicke's projects info via the:

Back 17

arcuate fasciculus

Front 18

Broca's
Critical for?

Back 18

Language production

Front 19

Broca's
Located?

Back 19

In the frontal lobe

Front 20

Broca's
Disfunction

Back 20

Production aphasia
Slight damage produces anomia=
You can't think of the word.

Front 21

Describe synaptogenesis

Back 21

Axon puts out a growth cone which approaches muscle fiber (or other).
Makes contact-synaptic vesicles accumulate around the axon terminal, and receptors cluster at the point of contact

Front 22

myelination

Back 22

proceeds from the hindbrain up. The prefrontal cortex is the last to be myelinated in about mid-20s.

Front 23

neurogenesis

Back 23

is the creation of new neurons

Front 24

neurogenesis happens:

Back 24

in the hippocampus stem cells differentiate into new neurons in the adult brain of mammals. This facilitates memory.

Front 25

arborization is

Back 25

the branching out of axons and dendrites which happens throughout life, especially in stimulating environments

Front 26

Collateral sprouting is

Back 26

branching outgrowth of new axon terminals from uninjured axons, which attaches to a synapse vacated when another axon was destroyed.

Front 27

transneural degeneration

Back 27

happens when post-synaptic neurons die off, because they aren't getting neurotropins from their pre-synaptic axons.

Front 28

Mullerian system

Back 28

Female sex organs

Front 29

Wolffian system

Back 29

Male sex organs

Front 30

The sex determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) creates:

Back 30

tetis-determining factor

Front 31

At about 12 weeks the new testis secrete

Back 31

Mullerian inhibiting hormone &
Androgens like testosterine

Front 32

The clitorus is homogolous to the

Back 32

penis

Front 33

The labia are homogolous to the

Back 33

testis

Front 34

Mullerian inhibiting hormone produces

Back 34

Defeminization

Front 35

Androgens create masculinization of?

Back 35

-External genitalia
-Wolffian system
-Muscles
-Brain

Front 36

Testosterine masculinizes what part of brain during early development?

Back 36

Hypothalamus

Front 37

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Back 37

When a person lacks the mechanism that enables androgens to connect to genes in a cell's nucleus. Person is XY, but morphologically female.

Front 38

Intersexuality

Back 38

-When masculinization only occurs partly. Can happen when there is a mutation on the SRY gene in males or in fn their father's SRY gene is translocated from his Y chromosome to another chromosome.
-Also, genetic male with low levels of testosterone.
-Also, genetic female with high levels of testosterone.

Front 39

Tests to diagnose ADHD

Back 39

Choice Delay Task
Stop Signal Task
Attention Blink Task

Front 40

You can have one good magic card now, or a super great one in 10 minutes. ADHD kids will take the good one now

Back 40

Choice Delay Task

Front 41

Every time you see a green light on this video game, push the button. Next task, if you see a green light on this video game, push button, except if you see a red light right after. ADHD kids understand the rule, but push the button anyway. They are too focused on 'go' and can't pay attention to the 'stop'.

Back 41

Stop Signal Task

Front 42

Present a series of letters, tell subject to look for the letter J. Afterward, ask them what letter came after the J. Kids with ADHD can't tell you what came after.

Back 42

Attention Blink Task

Front 43

Memory processes

Back 43

-Encoding
-Storage
-Retrieval

Front 44

What is procedural memory dependent on?

Back 44

Basal Ganglia

Front 45

What is making knew explicit memories dependent on?

Back 45

Hippocampus

Front 46

Working memory

Back 46

7 +or- 2 items

Front 47

Allows us to pay attention

Back 47

prefrontal cortex

Front 48

Encoding is made up of?

Back 48

Working memory
Declarative/explicit memories

Front 49

Hippocampus helps us encode

Back 49

Declarative/explicit memories
Which can easily be verbalized.

Front 50

The left hemisphere handles:

Back 50

Analytic thinking
language
explicit memories
math

Front 51

The right hemisphere handles:

Back 51

Synthetic thinking (big picture)
language tone
music
spatial relationships
emotions

Front 52

Pregnant mother undergoing stress with male fetus can cause:

Back 52

less androgen produced, less masculinization, possibly predisposition for male homosexuality

Front 53

Less brain masculinization in rats (mom stressed during pregnancy)

Back 53

smaller sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN)

Front 54

Less brain masculinization in humans (mom stressed during pregnancy)

Back 54

maller interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH).
according to LeVay (1991)

Front 55

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Back 55

Overdevelopment of the adrenal glands from birth. increases predisposition for female homosexuality

Front 56

Process of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Back 56

The adrenal gland has a negative feedback relationship with the pituitary gland.. The pituitary secretes ACTH which stimulates the adrenal gland. Cortisol, one of the hormones from the adrenal gland, feeds back to decrease the release of ACTH. Some people have a genetic limitation in their ability to produce cortisol, so the pituitary continues secreting more ACTH, causing the adrenal gland to secrete larger amounts of other hormones, including testosterone. Masculinization of female's genitals.

Front 57

Storage
- Two type of memories

Back 57

Explicit
Implicit

Front 58

Explicit memory

Back 58

semantic
• stored throughout the cortex
episodic
• stored in frontal and temporal lobes

Front 59

implicit memory

Back 59

procedural
• dependent on basal ganglia
associative (classical and operant conditioning.)

Front 60

anterograde amnesia

Back 60

Inability to create new explicit memories because of damage to the hippocampi.

Front 61

retrograde amnesia

Back 61

Inability to remember old, explicit things results from damage to many areas of the cortex, but mostly the frontal and temporal cortex.

Front 62

What is associative memory dependent on?

Back 62

Amygdala