Bio Psych Book Notes

Front 1

What are the two types of cells that the nervous system is composed of?

Back 1

Neurons and Glia

Front 2

What do Neurons do?

Back 2

Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells.

Front 3

What is a Membrane

Back 3

The surface of the cell, it separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

Front 4

What is the cell membrane composed of

Back 4

It is a lipid bi-layer

Front 5

What is the structure that contains the Chromosomes?

Back 5

Nucleus

Front 6

What is the structure that performs metabolic activities and provides energy that the cell requires for all other activities?

Back 6

Mitochondrion

Front 7

What are the sites at which the cell synthesizes new protein molecules?

Back 7

Ribosomes

Front 8

A network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to to other locations.

Back 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 9

Structure of a Neuron

Back 9

Structure of a Neuron

Front 10

How are neurons distinguished from other cells?

Back 10

By their shape

Front 11

The larger neurons are made up of what components?

Back 11

Dendrites, a soma (cell body), an axon and presynaptic terminals.

Front 12

___ has it’s soma in the spinal cord
What does it do?

Back 12

A motor neuron receives excitation from other neurons through its dendrites and conducts impulses through its axon to a muscle.

Front 13

___ is specialized to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation, such as light, sound or touch

Back 13

A sensory neuron, tiny branches lead directly from the receptors into the axon, and the cells soma is located of a little stalk off the main trunk.

Front 14

___ are the branching fibers that get narrower at their ends

Back 14

Dendrites, Their surface is specialized with specialized synaptic receptors, at which the dendrite receives info from other neurons

Front 15

How does the surface area of a dendrite affect its information flow

Back 15

The greater the surface area the more info it can receive

Front 16

What are the short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapses?

Back 16

Dendritic spines

Front 17

Can the shape of the dendrites vary from one time to another for a given neuron?

Back 17

Yes

Front 18

What is the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria and other structures found in most cells?

Back 18

The cell body or Soma, usually also covered with synapses.

Front 19

A thin fiber of constant diameter, longer than the dendrites.

Back 19

Axon

Front 20

What does the Axon do?

Back 20

It is the info sender of the neuron, conveys and impulse toward other neurons or an organ or muscle.

Front 21

___ the insulating material that covers many axons?

Back 21

Myelin Sheath

Front 22

What are the little bumps between myelin sheathing?

Back 22

The nodes of Ranvier

Front 23

An axon has many branches each of which swells at its tip forming a ___

Back 23

Presynaptic terminal also known as terminal buttons.

Front 24

How many dendrites and axons can a neuron have?

Back 24

A neuron can have any number of dendrites but only one axon.

Front 25

A __ axon brings info into a structure

Back 25

Afferent axon

Front 26

A __ axon carries info away from a structure

Back 26

Efferent Axon

Front 27

If a cells dendrites and axon are entirely contained within a single structure, the cell is___

Back 27

Interneuron or intrinsic neuron

Front 28

What does the shape of a neuron relate to?

Back 28

Its function

Front 29

__ do not tansmit info over long distances as neurons do

Back 29

Glia, although they do exchange chemicals with adjacent neurons, smaller but more numerous than neurons

Front 30

The brain has several types of glia with different functions.

Back 30

Astrocytes, Micro glia, Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, Radial Glia

Front 31

The star-shaped ___ wrap around the presynaptic terminals of a group of functionally related axons.

Back 31

Astrocytes, take up the chemicals released by axons helps synchronize the activity of the axons, enabling them to send messages in waves.

Also removes waste material created when neurons die, and control the amount of blood flow to each brain area.

Front 32

___ are very small cells that also remove waste materials as well as viruses fungi and other microorganisms

Back 32

Microglia, kind of like an immune sys

Front 33

___ in the brain and spinal cord and ___ in the Periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround and insulate certain axons.

Back 33

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells