Bio Practical 2

Front 1

Saprobic (fungi)

Back 1

Living off of dead material

Front 2

Hyphae (fungi)

Back 2

Long branched filaments of a fungus

Hint 2

Basic body plan of a true fungus

Front 3

Mycelium (fungi)

Back 3

All of the vegetative hyphae

Front 4

Zygomycota (fungi)

Back 4

Conjugating fungi; have filamentous growth form. Have haploid (n) septate hyphae

Hint 4

Includes mucor and Rhizopus, 2 common bread molds.

Front 5

Stolons (fungi)

Back 5

Unbranched hyphae

Front 6

Gametangium (fungi)

Back 6

Two hyphae of different mating types fuse

Front 7

Zygospore (fungi)

Back 7

When a zygote enlarges and thickens. Can tolerate extreme conditions and remain dormant for months. Undergo MEIOSIS when conditions are favorable to become a new haploid mycelium.

Front 8

Ascomycota (fungi)

Back 8

Largest and most diverse fungal phylum. Characterized by an ascus.

Front 9

Ascus (fungi)

Back 9

Saclike structure with produces ascospores via MEIOSIS.

Front 10

Saccharomyces cerevisae (fungi)

Back 10

Unicellular yeasts, live in moist places, absorb nutrients from surroundings. Needed in bread making.

Hint 10

Baker's and Brewer's yeast.

Front 11

Buds (fungi)

Back 11

Protrusions on cells; formed asexually, break loose and become new yeast cells. Yeast cells are haploid that has a short diploid stage and rarely conjugated.

Front 12

Penicillin (fungi)

Back 12

First antibiotic.

Front 13

Conidiophores (fungi)

Back 13

Specialized reproductive hyphae that have large objects called conidiospores, also called conidia. Resistant haploid cells with huge numbers. Easily dispersed.

Front 14

Ascomycota sexual phase (fungi)

Back 14

Occurs in cup shaped cluster of hyphae. On the cups are small round chambers called ascocarps form. Asci form in ascocarps. Two haploid nuclei fuse and go through MEIOSIS and CELL DIVISION to form 8 haploid ascospores in one ascus.

Front 15

Asci (fungi)

Back 15

Contains ascospores.

Front 16

Basidiomycota (fungi)

Back 16

Club fungi, has large and noticeable species, many edible mushrooms. Economically important. Can cause damage to agriculture and TREES.

Front 17

Mushroom (fungi)

Back 17

Fruiting structure that forms when conditions become favorable for reproduction. Biomass mostly underground in form of a diffuse mycelium with millions of absorptive hyphae.

Hint 17

Portion we eat.

Front 18

Basidiomycete hyphae development (fungi)

Back 18

Develop from minute haploid spores. Hyphae grow, branch, and extend through soil via CELL DIVISION.

Front 19

Basidiomycete sexual reproduction (fungi)

Back 19

Two hyphae of opposite mating types MEET, they can form a protoplasnic bridge to exchange nuclei. Nucleus of each hypha divides by MITOSIS and one of two nuclei made will go across bridge. Each hypha can end up with two haploid nuclei that do not fuse.

Front 20

Dikaryon (fungi)

Back 20

When two nuclei do not fuse but live as a double nuclear cell. Dikaryon continues to divide but both nuclei must divide at the same time to stay as a dikaryon. This causes growth of absorptive portion of fungus and hyphae can grow upward and break through ground as a mushroom.

Front 21

Basidiocarp (fungi)

Back 21

Fruiting body of a fleshy fungus.

Front 22

Stipe (fungi)

Back 22

Stalk like structure.

Front 23

Pileus (fungi)

Back 23

Fleshy cap, often umbrella shaped.

Front 24

Basidiocarp development part 1 (fungi)

Back 24

Begins as small round mass of hyphae called a button. Button is closed and covering underside of button is a thin tissue called a veil. Hyphae in button grow fast and pileus begins to form.

Front 25

Basidiocarp development part 2 (fungi)

Back 25

Thin veil is torn free from pileus and remains around the stipe as a ring of tissue called the annulus if placed high on stipe or volva if placed low. Tearing the veil reveals thousands of gills which are site of spore formation. On each gill are microscopic basidia. Each basidium starts as a dikaryon however haploid nuclei fuses to form diploid zygote which undergoes MEIOSIS to form 4 haploid nuclei in each basidium. Each nuclei ends up in a small pouch that become haploid basidiospores. Life cycle ends with basidiospore release.

Front 26

Gill (fungi)

Back 26

Site of spore formations, contains basidia, color+arrangement important for taxonomy.

Front 27

Lichens (fungi)

Back 27

"Kind" of living thing, mutualistic partnership with unicellular green algae and fungi. Algae provides food via photosynthesis, fungus provides framework that shelters algae. Lichens are extremely tolerant and can survive on bare rocks.

Hint 27

Fungal partner may only be Ascomycete or Basidiomycete

Front 28

Crustose Lichen (fungi)

Back 28

Form a crust-like coating over solid surfaces.

Front 29

Foliose Lichen (fungi)

Back 29

Leaf-like, flattened growth form, adhering closely to substrate.

Front 30

Fruticose Lichen (fungi)

Back 30

Erect or pendulous, hanging, appearing like a small bush

Front 31

Rhizopus nigricans conjugation (fungi slides)

Back 31

Front 32

Saccharomyces Methylene Blue smear (fungi slides)

Back 32

Front 33

Peziza apothecium (fungi slides)

Back 33

Front 34

Claviceps purpurea mature stroma perithecia (fungi slides)

Back 34

Front 35

Boletus c/s (fungi slides)

Back 35

Front 36

Penicillium mycelium condiophpres (fungi slides)

Back 36

Front 37

Coprinus mushrooms (fungi slides)

Back 37

Front 38

Lichen teased (fungi slides)

Back 38

Front 39

Lichen Ascomycete (fungi slides)

Back 39